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Chem > ch8 > Flashcards

ch8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which salts are soluble?

A

grp1 + ammonium salts

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2
Q

What is a salt?

A

any compound, 1 cation, 1 anion

hydrogen in acid, replaced by metal/NH4+

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3
Q

Which carbonates are soluble?

A

grp1 + ammonium carbonates

yes, ammonium carbonate exists.

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4
Q

Reactivity Series Acronym from high to low (NOT FOR EOY, FOR OLVL)

A

Please -> Potassium
Send -> Sodium
Lions -> Lithium
Cats -> Calcium
Monkeys -> Magnesium
And -> Aluminium
Zebras -> Zinc
Into -> Iron
Lovely -> Lead
Hot -> Hydrogen
Country -> Copper
Signed -> Silver
General -> Gold
Penguin -> Platinum

Aluminium british spelling

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5
Q

3 ways to prepare salt

A
  • precipitation
  • excess solid reactant method
  • titration
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6
Q

Which way to prepare insoluble salt?

A

precipitation only

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7
Q

Which way to prepare soluble salt?

A
  • add excess solid reactant (non-SPA)
  • titration (SPA)

nitrates use excess solid reactant!!!!!!!!!

add excess solid reactant aka filtration and crystalisation

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8
Q

Does an insoluble salt come from 1 soluble salt?

A

NO
- All insoluble salts come from ONE soluble substance + ONE soluble salt

soluble substances can be acid, alkali

e.g H2So4 + Barium Chloride
e.g2: Ammonia + Barium Chloride

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9
Q

precipitation eqn

A

soluble acid/alkali/salt + soluble salt = insoluble salt + soluble salt

precipitation only for insoluble salt formation

all salts dissociate to give 1 cation 1 anion. The grp it belongs to dosen’t matter! Only the solubility.

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10
Q

Steps of precipitation

A
  1. Add 1 soluble salt + 1 soluble substance, wait till reaction finishes
  2. Pour mixture thru filter paper, retrieve residue, wash w/ distilled water, press dry residue
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11
Q

barium nitrate + sodium carbonate -> ?

A

remember all salts have 1 cation 1 anion

Step 1: precipitation eqn
soluble salt + soluble substance
e.g. Barium chloride + Sodium Hydroxide

Step 2: AB + CD = AD + BC
Barium chloride + sodium hydroxide -> barium hydroxide + sodium chloride

Step 3: See if there is 1 insol. salt. in products. Ppt. reaction must have
Products: Barium hydroxide + sodium chloride

Barium hydroxide insoluble (all hydroxide insoluble except grp1)

criteria met = got reaction

Step 4: Write No Reaction if there is no insol. salt

hydroxide, oxide, carbonate, salts soluble: grp1+ammonium

sulfate soluble: all except Chinese Language Basic (Calcium Lead(II) Barium)

chloride, iodide soluble: all except silver, Lead(II)

nitrate soluble: all

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12
Q

when will precipitation not happen? (despite mixing 2 salts)

A
  1. When both salt in end products are soluble

Precipitation MUST produce 1 insoluble salt + 1 soluble salt

  1. When both salts have same anion
    e.g. BaCl + HCl = no reaction
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13
Q

is precipitation a chemical reaction? Will mixing 1 sol. salt and 1 sol. substance always cause a chemical reaction to happen?

A

yes, ppt. -> chem reaction
when 1 soluble salt + 1 soluble substance mix, no insoluble salt = no reaction. They mix

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14
Q

are all chlorides soluble in water? which chloride is insoluble in water?

A

No. All chlorides are soluble except these:
- silver chloride
- lead chloride

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15
Q

Souble SPA/Group 1 salts how to prepare

A

Titration

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16
Q

Soluble Non-SPA/Non-Group 1 salts how to prepare?

A

excess solid reactant method

**nitrate is under Excess Solid Reactant Method!

SPAN - Solubility
SPA - Group 1 + Ammonium

17
Q

how to prepare insoluble salt lead sulfate (reactants only)

A

sodium_____ + _____ nitrate

sodium sulfate + lead nitrate

18
Q

How to do excess solid reactant method (eq)?

A

acid + metal
acid + insoluble base
acid + insoluble carbonate

19
Q

How to do titration method? (eq)

A

acid + soluble alkali/soluble carbonate

all acids are soluble.

20
Q

Are all sulfate salts soluble?

A

generally yes

exceptions
Calcium
Lead(II)
Barium

Chinese
Language
Basic

Calcium
Lead(iI)
Barium

21
Q

Are all chlorides/iodides soluble?

A

generally yes

exceptions
- lead(II)
- silver

22
Q

are hydroxide and oxide soluble? are they bases?

A

all hydroxide/oxide insoluble except (SPA + grp1 + calcium)

LINK
All hydroxide, oxides bases
- however, except SPA+Grp1 + calcium, all hydroxide, oxide are insoluble bases.

23
Q

is potassium metal suitable to use in a school lab to react with acid?

A

No.
Potassium reacts violently with acid (highest in reactivity series)

24
Q

can solid calcium nitrate and solid potassium sulfate react?

A

no.

solid + aqueous can react, but solid + solid cant!!

for ppt, both must be soluble!

solid + (aq) can react!

25
Q

when to write “Aqueous”?

A

when uw indicate it is soluble substance/salt

26
Q

why aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid suitable for titration?

A
  • soluble in water
  • aq soln. can place into burette/pipette
27
Q

how to obtain pure dry sample of titrated solution?

A

crystallisation, always (except for sodium chloride)

28
Q

why must excess reactant be added at excess reactant method?

A

ensure all acid completely reacted -> prevent contamination

solid reactant wont all dissolve… its called excess for a reason, bruh!

29
Q

steps for excess solid reactant method

A
  1. mix acid with excess solid reactant, stir thoroughly
  2. filter mixture
  3. heat filtrate in evaporating dish until point of saturation
  4. allow time for liquid to cool, form crystals
  5. wash crystals with distilled water, press dry between few sheets of filter paper

no methyl orange! Methyl orange will contaminate soln.

30
Q

When I do excess calcium carbonate + dilute sulfuric acid yield is very low. Why?

A

product: calcium sulfate
- calcium sulfate formed insoluble
- forms layer around calcium carbonate
- prevents calcium carbonate from further reacting

LINK
Chinese
Language
Basic

Calcium sulfate is one insoluble salt

31
Q

does hydroxide constitute of sulfur hydroxide?

A

no
(all metal except gold) hydroxide only exists

includes copper hydroxide

32
Q

epsom salt chem formula

A

MgSo4

33
Q

for alkali, can it be ___ oxide?

A

no!
can be ___ hydroxide, aq ammonia but CANNOT BE OXIDE!

34
Q

what is filtration (excess solid reactant) for?

A

ensure excess residue trapped -> filter paper, no contamination, crystals

35
Q

why heat acid (excess solid reactant)

A

speed up rate of reaction

36
Q

hydrogen ion vs hydride

A

hydrogen ion: H+
hydride: H-

Chem (12 decks)

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