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Chem > ch2 > Flashcards

ch2 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 things that Kinetic Particle Theory states

A
  1. All matter, made out, particles
  2. Particles, always, constant, random motion
  3. Kinetic energy of particles, increases when heated
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2
Q

When temp is constant during boiling, what does it mean?

A

change of state occuring

NOT TO BE CONFUSED w/ pure substance
substance X pure: 90 deg
substance X impure 80deg - 89deg

substance X pure during boiling, experiment repeated 5x observation is the same: stays constant 90deg until fully boiled

Substance X impure during boiling experiment repeated 5x, temp stays constant at different experiment timings

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3
Q

Solid
- Arrangement
- Motion of particles

A
  • Orderly, very closely packed
  • Vibrate, rotate, fixed positions (can’t change location)
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4
Q

Solid particles
- Amount of Energy
- Density

A
  • Low
  • Very Dense
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5
Q

Arrangement of liquid particles

A

Disorderly, Closely packed, less closely packed compared to solid

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6
Q

Liquid particles motion

A

Rolls, slide past one another

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7
Q

Liquid particles level of kinetic energy
Forces of attraction in liquid state particles

A

Moderate

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8
Q

Forces of attraction in liquid state particles

A

Strong

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9
Q

Level of density in liquid state particles

A

Dense

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10
Q

Motion of gaseous state particles

A

Movement: Moves around, random, high speed, all directions (500m/s)

Creates Pressure:, collide, each other, sides, container

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11
Q

Arrangment of Gaseous state particles

A

Very Far apart, disorderly

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12
Q

Kinetic energy of gaseous state particles

A

Very High

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13
Q

Density of gaseous state particles

A

very low density

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14
Q

Can copper be crystallised/evaporated?
Is copper soluble in water?

A

No.

“wet” copper is not a solution. (does not exist)

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15
Q

Endothermic VS Exothermic

A

Endothermic: heat, absorbed from surroundings

Exothermic: heat, released to surroundings

Exterior

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16
Q

What affects evaporation

A
  • volatile (evaporate quickly, rtp)
  • large surface area, high temp surface of liquid

fractional distillation

17
Q

State 1 similarity between melting and boiling

A

Temperature stays constant

18
Q

Why does temperature stay constant during melting/boiling?

A
  1. thermal energy absorbed by particles used, overcome forces, attraction,
  2. holding particles together
  3. instead, raising temperature

forces of attraction

ionic bonds
covalent bonds
metallic bonds

overcome forces,
and break bonds

19
Q

3 differences between boiling and evaporation

A
  1. Boiling occurs -> boiling pt. only
    evaporation occurs -> temperatures BELOW boiling pt.
  2. Boiling occurs throughout liquid
    Evaporation occurs at surface, liquid only
  3. Boiling, faster process than evaporation

think of evaporation like much slower boiling below boiling pt, they’re 2 different words for a reason :)

20
Q

2 characteristics of matter

A
  • takes up space, has mass
  • 3 states solid liquid gas
  • melt/freeze exact

boil/condense too

21
Q

definition of physical changes

A
  • change in physical states
  • does not produce new substances
22
Q

evidence of movement of particles?

A

diffusion,
shows constant, random motion of particles

23
Q

2 factors affecting diffusion

A
  1. Mr
    - shows total mass, all atoms, substance
  2. Temperature
    - affect kinetic energy, particles -> more KE -> faster constant random motion

gravity DOES NOT AFFECT DIFFUSION!!!

24
Q

affect chemical properties of atom
proton, neutron, electron?

A

electrons

25
Q

isotopes sim diff
(besides proton, neutron count)

A

different
- mass number (different no. neutrons)
- physical properties

26
Q

liquid, gas in container, how it acts

A

liquid: adopt shape, container
gas: fills container

27
Q

y gas can be compressed

A

compressed, much smaller volume
- a lot of space btwn particles

28
Q

describe boiling

A
  1. heat, causes bubbles of gas form
  2. below, surface of liquid
  3. allow liquid particles escape
  4. from surface, within liquid
29
Q

what does heating/cooling curve show

A

how change in temp affect change in state

30
Q

when is there flat line in cooling/heating curve

A

when
- state change
- no temp change

31
Q

describe heating from solid -> liquid

A

Kinetic Theory of Matter: Substances heated, particles absorb thermal energy converted kinetic energy

  1. Heat solid causes particles vibrate more
  2. as temp increase,
  3. vibrate so much that solid expands
  4. structure breaks
  5. solid melts
32
Q

Endothermic reason for take in/give out energy

A

Overcome attractive force btwn particles

Endothermic
Heat energy taken in from surrounding

33
Q

Exothermic reason for take in/give out heat energy

A

allow formation
attractive force btwn particles

Exothermic
Heat energy given out to surroundings

Chem (12 decks)

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