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IGCSE Chemistry > Periodic Table > Flashcards

Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

How many elements are there
How many occur naturally

A

118
94

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2
Q

What is the trend of G1
Reactiviy
Softness
Density
Melting+boiling

A

Increases down the group
Increases
Increases
Decreases

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3
Q

Why are they called alkali metals

A

When reacted with water they form an alkaline solution

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4
Q

Physical properties of alkali metals(2)

A

Relatively soft
Relatively low density and melting points
Tarnish?

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5
Q

What is the general formula for G1+water

A

Metal+water=metal hydroxide+hydrogen gas

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6
Q

What is lithiums reaction with water

A

It floats as it is less dense, there is effervescence and it moves around due to the hydrogen gas being given off
Dissolves to form aqueous solution of LiOH

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7
Q

How does sodium react with water

A

Melts, floats, moves around on surface vigorously, effervescence and hydrogen gas
Dissolves to form NaOH

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8
Q

How does potassium react with water

A

Enough heat is produced to light the hydrogen gas and a lilac flame is produced, hops around

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9
Q

Explain the trend in reactivity of G1

A

The more easily the valence electron is lost the more reactive it is, the further down the group, the bigger the atom, the further away the electron is to the nucleus, the smaller the electrostatic attraction

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10
Q

What was the first halogen to be discovered and where was it used

A

Flourine, in mineral fluorospar in ceramics

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11
Q

How was chlorine extracted/discovered

A

From hcl

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12
Q

How was bromine extracted/discovered

A

Bubbling chlorine gas through water sample

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13
Q

How was iodine extracted/discovered

A

Burning seaweed and treating the ashes with sulfuric acid to produce a purple vapour

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14
Q

How was astatine extracted/discovered

A

Bombarded bismuth with radiation

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15
Q

Use of chlorine

A

To disinfect

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16
Q

Use of bromine

A

To disinfect

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17
Q

Use of Florine

A

To help medical drug enter cells

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18
Q

Use of iodine

A

Prevent infection

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19
Q

Use of satiating+all halogens

A

Energy efficient lamps

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20
Q

Why is GVII called halogens

A

It means salt producing, when reacted with metals salts are produced

21
Q

What is the trend for colour in GVII + state fl,cl,br,I

A

Darkness decreases down
Yellow-green gas
Green gas
Red liquid
Dark purple solid

22
Q

Trend of GVII
Density
Melting points
Reactivity

A

Increase
Increase
Decrease

23
Q

Explain the reason for the trend in reactivity in GVII

A

Hal go gens have 7 valence electrons and react by attracting other electrons to fill their outer shell. As you descend down the group, the number of shells increase and the ability to attract the electrons decreases

24
Q

What happens When a more reactive element comes into contact with a less reactive element in a compound

A

A displacement reaction

25
Q

What is the trend of metallic characteristics across and down the periodic table
Explain why these characteristics occur

A

The metallic characteristics decrease as you move right across a period, and increase as you move down a group.
This is because non-metal atoms are more readily accepting to electroms to fill their valence shells.

26
Q

What are the physical properties of alkali metals

A

Soft and can be cut with a knife

27
Q

What happens when alkali metals react with air

A

Metal oxides form

28
Q

What does it mean if an element is diatomic

A

It forms molecules consisting of 2 atoms

29
Q

What are the trends of the alkali metals

A

As you move down the group:
The melting and boiling points decrease and the metals become more reactive

30
Q

What are the chemical properties of alkali metals

A

They all easily lose their one valence electron so they have similar chemical properties
They react with oxygen to form metal oxides
They react with water to form metal hydroxides

31
Q

What is the state of fluorine (and colour) at room temperature, then the colour in a solution

A

Yellow gas, pale yellow in solution

32
Q

What is the state of chlorine (and colour) at room temperature, then the colour in a solution

A

Pale yellow-green gas
Green-blue in solution

33
Q

What is the state of bromine (and colour) at room temperature, then the colour in a solution

A

Red-brown liquid that readily evaporates to form a brown gas
Orange in a solution

34
Q

What is the state of iodine (and colour) at room temperature, then the colour in a solution

A

Grey-black solid that readily sublimes to a purple gas
Dark brown solution

35
Q

How do halogen replacement reactions work

A

When a more reactive halogen replaces a less reactive halogen, reactivity decreases down the group

36
Q

How do we test for halides

A

We take an unknown halide solution dissolved in nitric acid and then we add silver nitrate or Pb(NO3)2 and check the colour of the precipitate formed

37
Q

What color precipitate is AgCl

A

White

38
Q

What color precipitate is AgBr

A

Cream

39
Q

What color precipitate is AgI

A

Yellow

40
Q

What are the general properties and uses of transition metals

A

Hard,strong with high MP and density.
Form coloured compounds as elements and in compounds
Have ions with variable oxidation numbers (iron (II) and iron (III))
Titanium=limb replacement
Dyes, stained glass jewelry

41
Q

Why are transition elements often used as catalysts

A

Because of their ability to easily interchange between oxidation states

42
Q

What are the general properties of noble gases (4)

A

Very low MP+BP
Full outer shells
Chemically inactive, inert and unreactive due to their stable electronic configuration
Monatomic colour less gases

43
Q

What are the uses of noble gases

A

Helium->balloons, less dense than air and doesn’t burn
Neon,argon and xenon->advert signs
Argon->inert atmosphere for welding
Argon->fill electrical bulbs

44
Q

What is group 6 of the periodic table called

A

The chalcogens

45
Q

How do we test the reactivity of alkali metals

A

By reacting them with water

46
Q

How do we further confirm the presence of halide ions
Cl
Br
I

A

We add aqueous ammonia
Soluble(clear)
Partially soluble
Insoluble(visible precipitate)

47
Q

Periodic table

A

Arrangement of elements in periods and groups and in order of increasing proton number

48
Q

Reactions of halogens

A

Displacement reactions with halides, the more reactive halogen atoms oxidise the less reactive halide ions causing them to lose electrons and form halogen atoms.

IGCSE Chemistry (21 decks)

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