1.1 States Of Matter

Question 1

What is matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies volume

Question 2

What does matter consist of (3)

Answer 2

Atoms or
Ions or
Molecules

Question 3

What are molecules

Answer 3

Particles made up of 2+ covalently bonded atoms

Question 4

What are the 3 states of matter

Answer 4

Gas
Liquid
Solid

Question 5

How would you describe a solid in terms of its particle arrangement, separation and motion, intermolecular forces, volume, shape and compressibility

Answer 5

Solids have very strong intermolecular forces, are arranged close together in a regular pattern, vibrate around a fixed point in space, have a fixed shape and volume, and are not compressible.

Question 6

How would you describe a liquid in terms of its particle arrangement, separation and motion, intermolecular forces, volume, shape and compressibility

Answer 6

Liquids have moderately strong intermolecular forces, are close together in a random arrangement, move over and around each other, take the shape of the container as they are fluid, have a fixed volume and have almost negligible compressibility

Question 7

How would you describe a gas in terms of its particle arrangement, separation and motion, intermolecular forces, volume, shape and compressibility

Answer 7

Gases have negligible intermolecular forces and are arranged randomly far apart, they move quickly in straight lines in random distances until they collide and change directions, they take up the shape of their container, expand to fill the volume of the container and are highly compressible

Question 8

What are state changes/changes of state

Answer 8

They are physical changes that occur at the melting point (melting,freezing) and the boiling point (boiling, condensing)

Question 9

What is it called when a solid changes to a gas and a gas to a solid

Answer 9

Sublimation- dry ice/solid carbon dioxide
Deposition- water vapor to frost

Question 10

What is dissolution

Answer 10

The process where a solute in gaseous,liquid or solid form dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

Question 11

What happens to the temperature during melting

Answer 11

It stays constant as the head added is used to overcome intermolecular forces and move particles further apart

Question 12

What is melting

Answer 12

The physical change of a solid to liquid at a melting point unique to each solid due to energy being added, the temperature remains constant as the energy being added is used to overcome intermolecular forces and spread the particles further out.

Question 13

Describe boiling

Answer 13

The change of state fromn liquid to gas to to energy being added. The particles of the liquid gain kinetic energy and move faster. The temperature remains constant as the energy added is being used to overcome the intermolecular forces and spread the particles up. Bubbles form below the surface of the liquid, allowing for particles to escape from the surface and within the liquid.

Question 14

What factors effect evaporation (3)

Answer 14

Surface area
Heat/temperature
State of air above surface

Question 15

What specific temperature does evaporation occur

Answer 15

It doesn’t, it occurs over a range, but the warmer the liquid the faster.

Question 16

Why does evaporation go quicker if heat is added

Answer 16

The particles need energy to escape from the surface.

Question 17

What does boiling depend on

Answer 17

Rate of supply of heat

Question 18

Differences between evaporationg and boiling

Answer 18

Boiling occurs at a specific temperature, evaporation over a range. Boiling occurs and the surface and throughout the liquid, evaporation only at the surface. Boiling depends on the rate ofnsupply of heat, evaporation on heat, surface area and state of air above the liquid.

Question 19

Describe sublimation

Answer 19

(Reverse also known as deposition)
When a solid changes to a gas at a specific temperature unique to each pure substance

Question 20

Describe freezing

Answer 20

When a liquid changes to a solid (the same temperature that it would melt if its a pure substance) at a specific temperature

Question 21

Describe condensation

Answer 21

When a gas changes to a liquid as it cools and the particles lose the energy to keep bouncing off eachother and instead group together, this does not require energy and occurs over a range of temparatures.

Question 22

What happens when you heat a gas

Answer 22

The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster and cause more collisions with them selves and the walls of the container. This increases the pressure and the reactions that could occur

Question 23

What is gas pressure

Answer 23

The force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container

Question 24

When is gas pressure increased

Answer 24

When the temperature increases or the volume of the container decreases