Functional Groups

Question 1

Functional group
Definition
General Formula
Reactions

Answer 1

Functional group: Alkanes
Definition: group of saturated hydrocarbons
General formula: CnH2n+2
Reactions: Combustion, substitution

Question 2

Functional group
Definition
General Formula
Reactions
Empirical formula

Answer 2

Functional group: Alkenes
Definition: Unsaturated compounds as they have at least 1 double bond
General Formula: CnH2n
Reactions: Combustion, addition
Empirical formula: CH2

Question 3

Functional group
General Formula

Answer 3

Functional group: Alkynes
General Formula: CnH2n-2

Question 4

Functional group
General formula
Reactions
Formation

Answer 4

Functional group: Alcohols
General formula: Cn H2n+1 OH
Reactions: Oxidation, combustion, elimination (dehydration)
Formation: fermentation, hydration of alkenes

Question 5

Functional group
General formula
Formation
Reactions

Answer 5

Functional group: Carboxylic acids
General formula: Cn H2n+1 COOH (n=number of carbon atoms in molecule -1)
Formation: Oxidation by fermentation, use of oxidising agents
Reactions:
- acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
- acid + bass -> salt + water
- acid + carbonate-> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 6

Functional group
Reactions
General formula

Answer 6

Functional group: Haloalkanes
Reactions: with the halogens
General formula:

Question 7

Functional group
Reactions
General formula

Answer 7

Functional group: Haloalkanes
Reactions: with the halogens
General formula: