Experimental Design

Question 1

Solvent

Answer 1

Substance that dissolves a solute

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

Substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 4

Saturated solution

Answer 4

Solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature

Question 5

Filtrate

Answer 5

Liquid/solution that has passed through a filter

Question 6

Residue

Answer 6

Substance that remains after a (specified) process ie. Filtration

Question 7

Endpoint

Answer 7

The point at which a solution changes colour

Question 8

Rf (retention factor) formula

Answer 8

Distance traveled by substance/distance traveled by solute

Question 9

Chromatography solvents examples (3)

Answer 9

Methanol
Water
Ethanol

Question 10

Chromatogram

Answer 10

Visual output of a chromatography run

Question 11

Why must the initial line in chromatography be drawn in pencil

Answer 11

It is insoluble in most solvents

Question 12

What is the line where the solvent stops moving called

Answer 12

The solvent front

Question 13

In what container is chromatography carried out

Answer 13

A solvent chamber

Question 14

Uses of chromatography (4)

Answer 14

To separate amino acids
To test the purity of a substance
To test drugs and additives
To separate mixtures of dyes and sugars

Question 15

Simple distillation

Answer 15

Used to separate a dissolved solid or 2 miscible liquids with different boiling points
Mixture is heated until boiling point reached and turns to a gas which is passed through a condenser and then collected as a liquid

Question 16

Fractional distillation

Answer 16

Used to separate liquids with different boiling points, the one with the lowest boiling point is collected first in the fractioning column (also makes use of a condenser)