Period 8 Chapter 26

Question 1

New Frontier

Answer 1

Program for social and educational reform put forward by President John F. Kennedy and largely resisted by Congress.

challenged the nation to improve the overall quality of life of all Americans and to stand fast against the Communist threat

Question 2

Sit In

Answer 2

The act of sitting peacefully in an establishment to protest its policies—a tactic used to protest segregation that energized civil rights activism at the start of the 1960s.

In the south

Question 3

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 3

Organization formed in 1960 to give young blacks a greater voice in the civil rights movement; it initiated black voter registration drives, sit-ins, and freedom rides.

A new civil rights organization that was built around the sit-in movement

Question 4

Freedom Rides

Answer 4

An effort in which civil rights protesters rode buses throughout the South in 1961, despite attacks and arrests, seeking to achieve the integration of bus terminals.

Question 5

James Meredith

Answer 5

Black student admitted to the University of Mississippi under federal court order in 1962; in spite of rioting by racist mobs, he finished the year and graduated in 1963.

* Many federal marshals arrived to guard Meredith but many white students and nonstudents attacked him and the marshals that were protecting him

Question 6

March on Washington

Answer 6

Meeting of a quarter of a million civil rights supporters in Washington in 1963, at which Martin Luther King Jr., delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.

Question 7

Bay of Pigs

Answer 7

Site of a 1961 CIA-sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles and mercenaries; the invasion was crushed within three days and embarrassed the United States.

Question 8

Berlin Wall

Answer 8

Wall between East and West Berlin that the Soviets erected during the 1961 Berlin crisis to stem the flow of refugees out of Eastern Europe.

Question 9

Strategic Air Command (SAC

Answer 9

U.S. military unit formed in March 1946 to conduct long-range bombing operations anywhere in the world; its first strategic plan, completed in 1949, projected nuclear attacks on seventy Soviet cities. SAC was abolished in 1992 as part of the reorganization of the Department of Defense.

Question 10

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 10

Confrontation, seemingly threatening war, over Soviet missiles deployed in Cuba; the Soviets ultimately withdrew the missiles.

Question 11

Viet Cong

Answer 11

Vietnamese Communist rebels in South Vietnam.

Question 12

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 12

Law that barred segregation in public facilities and forbade employers to discriminate on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 13

War on Poverty

Answer 13

Lyndon Johnson’s program to help Americans escape poverty through education, job training, and community development.

Question 14

New Right

Answer 14

Conservative movement within the Republican Party that opposed liberal reforms of the 1960s, demanding less federal government interference with state and local power and a return to traditional values.

Question 15

○ Gideaon v. Wainwright (1963)
○ Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
○ Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 15

Three 1960s Supreme Court rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one, and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.

Three 1960s Supreme Court rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one, and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.

Three 1960s Supreme Court rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one, and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.

Question 16

Great Society

Answer 16

Social program that Johnson announced in 1964; it included the War on Poverty, protection of civil rights, and funding for education.

Question 17

Freedom Summer

Answer 17

Effort by civil rights groups in Mississippi to register black voters and cultivate black pride during the summer of 1964.

Question 18

Freedom March

Answer 18

Civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, in March 1965; the violent treatment of protesters by local authorities helped galvanize national opinion against segregationists.

Question 19

Voting Rights Act

Answer 19

A 1965 law that outlawed literacy and other voting tests and authorized federal supervision of elections in areas where black voting had been restricted.

Question 20

Medicaid and Medicare

Answer 20

Program of health insurance for the poor established in 1965; it provides states with money to buy healthcare for people on welfare.

Program of health insurance for elderly people and those with disabilities; established in 1965, it provides government payment for healthcare supplied by private doctors and hospitals.

Question 21

Watts

Answer 21

Predominantly black neighborhood of Los Angeles where a race riot in August 1965 did $45 million in damage and took the lives of twenty-eight blacks.

Question 22

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 22

Civil rights activist who led SNCC and coined the term “Black Power” to describe the need for blacks to use militant tactics to force whites to accept political and social change.

Question 23

Black Power

Answer 23

Movement begun in 1966 that rejected the nonviolent, coalition-building approach of traditional civil rights groups and advocated black control of black organizations; the self-determination approach was adopted by Latinos (Brown Power) and Native Americans (Red Power).

Question 24

Black Muslims

Answer 24

Popular name for the Nation of Islam, an African American religious group founded by Elijah Muhammad, which professed Islamic religious beliefs and emphasized black separatism.

Question 25

Malcolm X

Answer 25

Black activist who advocated black separatism as a member of the Nation of Islam; in 1963 he converted to orthodox Islam, and two years later was assassinated.

Question 26

Black Panthers

Answer 26

Black revolutionary party founded in 1966 that endorsed violence as a means of social change.

Question 27

Betty Friedan

Answer 27

Feminist who wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1963 and helped found the National Organization for Women in 1966.

* She asked women to set their own goals and seek careers outside the home

Question 28

Equal Pay Act

Answer 28

Forbids most employers to pay different wages, based on gender, for equal work. Some employers continued to pay lower wages to women, arguing that the jobs were not exactly equal.

Question 29

Title VII

Answer 29

Provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that guarantees women legal protection against discrimination.

Question 30

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Answer 30

Women’s rights organization founded in 1966 to fight discrimination against women and improve educational, employment, and political opportunities for women.

Question 31

Port Huron Statement

Answer 31

A 1962 critique of the Cold War and American materialism and complacency by Students for a Democratic Society; it called for “participatory democracy” and for universities to be centers of free speech and activism.

maintained that the country should reallocate its resources according to social needs so that all people could “live proudly”

Question 32

New Left

Answer 32

An international movement in the 1960s primarily composed of intellectuals and college students that opposed “the Establishment” and its dominant political, economic, and social structures; in the United States it opposed the war in Vietnam and supported civil and individual rights.

a movement that maintained the threat to democracy from liberals who were interested in stability and profits and having social and economic equality