Period 7 Chapter 22

Question 1

Mary McLead Bethune

Answer 1

was an African American educator and directed to NYA

Question 2

Congress of Industrial Organization

Answer 2

labor organization established in 1938 by a group that left the AFL to unionize workers by industry rather than by trade

Question 3

United States v. Butler

Answer 3

supreme court decision (1936) declaring the Agricultural Adjustment Act invalid an the ground that it unconstitutionally extended the power of the federal government

Question 4

Dust Bowl

Answer 4

region devastated by drought and dust storms that began in the early 1930s, the worst years saw over 60 major storms per year 72 in 1937

Question 5

Great Depression

Answer 5

The years 1929 to 1941 when the economy of the United States suffered a major contraction, millions were unemployed, and thousands of businesses went bankrupt; President Hoover used the term depression rather than the more traditional panic in hopes that it would reduce the public’s fears.

Question 6

Credit Crunch

Answer 6

(or credit crisis) A significant reduction in the availability of credit, caused by changes in banks’ lending policies

Question 7

Public Works Projects

Answer 7

construction projects financed by public funds and carried out by federal, state, or local governments

Question 8

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

Answer 8

this was to promote economic recovery by providing emergency financing for banks, insurance companies, railroads, and farm mortgage associations and this started to expand as the new deal

Question 9

Glass-Steagall Act of 1932

Answer 9

law that expanded credit through the Federal Reserve System

Question 10

Hoovervilles

Answer 10

crudely built camp set up by the homeless on the fringes of a town or city during the Depression

Question 11

Foreclosed

Answer 11

to confiscate property when mortgage payments are delinquent; in the 1930s, it was typical to auction off foreclosed assets

Question 12

Bonus Army

Answer 12

unemployed World War 1 veterans who marched to Washington in 1932 to demand early payment of promised bonus; Congress refused, and the army evicted protesters who remained

Question 13

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Answer 13

He wsa politician and was nominated for vice president
He limited resources to help the unemployed and poot but he also had made Hoover concerned by his actions

Question 14

New Deal

Answer 14

Implying a fresh start, this term became the best known name for Roosevelt’s policies to combat the Depression

Question 15

Bank Holiday

Answer 15

Temporary closure of banks throughout the country by executive order of President Roosevelt in March 1933.

Question 16

Emergency Holiday Bill

Answer 16

A 1933 act that permitted sound banks to reopen and allowed the government to supply funds to prop up some banks.

Question 17

Fireside Chats

Answer 17

Radio talks in which President Roosevelt promoted New Deal policies and reassured the nation; Roosevelt delivered twenty-eight fireside chats.

Question 18

Bipartisanship

Answer 18

In American politics, when the two major parties work together cooperatively.

Question 19

First Hundred Days

Answer 19

The opening period of Roosevelt’s administration, during which the president and Congress developed an unprecedented number of measures aimed at relief for the unemployed and economic recovery.

Question 20

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

Answer 20

Law passed by Congress in 1933 to bring the recovery of agriculture through planning and subsidies to reduce production.

Question 21

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Answer 21

Law passed by Congress in 1933 establishing the National Recovery Administration to promote planning in industry and the Public Works Administration (PWA) to create jobs.

Question 22

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 22

Agency created by the NIRA to supervise the drafting and implementation of national industrial codes.

Question 23

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Answer 23

Federal agency created to increase employment and stimulate economic recovery by constructing major public works; headed by Harold Ickes, secretary of the interior.

Question 24

Tennesse Valey Authority (TVA)

Answer 24

Independent public corporation created by Congress in 1933 to plan development of the Tennessee River Valley region, especially through flood control and dams that generated electricity.

Question 25

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 25

Roman Catholic priest whose influential radio addresses in the 1930s at first emphasized social justice but eventually became anti-Semitic.

Question 26

Huey Long

Answer 26

Louisiana governor, then U.S. senator, who ran a powerful political machine and whose advocacy of redistribution of income was gaining him a national political following at the time of his assassination in 1935.
SHARE OUR WEALTH PLAN

Question 27

Blacklisting

Answer 27

Practice in which businesses share information to deny employment to workers known to belong to unions.

Question 28

Roosevelt Recession

Answer 28

Economic downturn that occurred when Roosevelt, responding to improving economic figures, cut $4 billion from the federal budget, mostly by reducing relief spending.

Question 29

Conservative Coalition

Answer 29

An informal cooperative relationship between conservative Democrats, mostly from the South, and Republicans; often controlled Congress during the three or four decades following 1937.

Question 30

Mary McLeod Bethune

Answer 30

was an African American educator and directed to NYA division of Negro Affairs

Question 31

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Answer 31

labor organization established in 1938 by a group that left the AFL to unionize workers by industry rather than by trade

Question 32

United States v. Butler

Answer 32

supreme court decision (1936) declaring the Agricultural Adjustment Act invalid on the ground that it unconstitutionally extended the powers of the federal government

Question 33

Dust Bowl

Answer 33

region devastated by drought and dust storms that began in the early 1930s, the worst years saw over 60 major storms per year, 72 in 1937

Question 34

Women’s roles in the Depression

Answer 34

They started to seek jobs and employment patterns were uneven because of this
They were given low-status jobs
Even though social patterns were coming back such as them taking care of the family and more going to work, they were praised as pillars of society

Question 35

Repatriation of Mexican Workers

Answer 35

The return of people to their nation of birth or citizenship; repatriation of Mexicans from the United States during the Depression was at its height from 1929 to 1931.

Question 36

Black Cabinet

Answer 36

Semiofficial advisory committee on racial affairs organized by Mary McLeod Bethune in 1936; made up of African American members of the Roosevelt administration.