Period 8 Chapter 25

Question 1

Sputnik 1 and 2

Answer 1

They were both satellites that were launched into space by the Soviet union

Eisenhower extended federal spending after the Soviets launched them

Question 2

Federal Highway Act (1956)

Answer 2

Law passed by Congress in 1956, appropriating $32 billion for the construction of interstate highways

Question 3

National Defense Education Act of 1958

Answer 3

A ten-part act that sought to improve instruction in science, mathematics, and foreign languages and included federally backed low-interest.

This is because Eisenhower noticed that in American education, they were all poor in these subjects

Question 4

Army-McCarthy hearings

Answer 4

Congressional investigations by Senator Joseph McCarthy televised in 1954; the hearings revealed McCarthy’s villainous nature and ended his popularity.

Question 5

New Look

Answer 5

National security policy under Eisenhower that called for a reduction in the size of the army, development of tactical nuclear weapons, and the buildup of strategic air power to deploy nuclear weapons.

Question 6

Massive Retaliation

Answer 6

Term that Secretary of State John Foster Dulles used in a 1954 speech, implying that the United States was willing to use nuclear force in response to Communist aggression anywhere.

Question 7

Brinkmanship

Answer 7

Practice of seeking to win disputes in international politics by creating the impression of being willing to push a highly dangerous situation to the limit.

Question 8

Third World

Answer 8

Developing nations that claimed to be independent of either the Western capitalist or Communist blocs; both sides tested this neutrality in the Cold War, as each used a variety of means to include third world nations in their camps.

Question 9

Third World

Answer 9

Developing nations that claimed to be independent of either the Western capitalist or Communist blocs; both sides tested this neutrality in the Cold War, as each used a variety of means to include third world nations in their camps.

Question 10

Central Intelligence Agency

Answer 10

(CIA) An agency created in 1947 to gather and evaluate military, political, social, and economic information on foreign nations.

Question 11

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 11

Policy formulated by Eisenhower of providing military and economic aid to Arab nations in the Middle East to help defeat Communist-nationalistic rebellions.

Question 12

Viet Minh

Answer 12

Vietnamese army made up of Communist and other nationalist groups led by Ho Chi Minh that fought from 1946 to 1954 for independence from French rule.

Question 13

Domino Theory

Answer 13

The idea that if one nation came under Communist control, then neighboring nations would also fall to the Communists.

Question 14

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 14

Soviet leader who denounced Stalin in 1956 and improved the Soviet Union’s image abroad; he was deposed in 1964, after six years as premier, for his failure to improve the country’s economy.

Question 15

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 15

Soviet leader who denounced Stalin in 1956 and improved the Soviet Union’s image abroad; he was deposed in 1964, after six years as premier, for his failure to improve the country’s economy.

Question 16

Keynesianism

Answer 16

The economic theories of Lord John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), who promoted government intervention in the economy, arguing that expanding and contracting the money supply and regulating interest rates could stimulate economic growth during periods of recession and, when needed, reduce inflation.

Question 17

Standard of Living

Answer 17

Level of material comfort as measured by the goods, services, and luxuries currently available and affordable.

Question 18

Elvis Presley

Answer 18

Immensely popular rock ’n’ roll musician from a poor white family in Mississippi; many of his songs and concert performances were considered sexually suggestive.

Question 19

Beats

Answer 19

Group of American writers, poets, and artists in the 1950s, including Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, who rejected traditional middle-class values and championed nonconformity and sexual experimentation.

Question 20

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 20

A 1954 Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that separate educational facilities for different races were inherently unequal.

Question 21

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 21

Civil rights lawyer who argued thirty-two cases before the Supreme Court and won twenty-nine; he became the first African American justice of the Supreme Court in 1967.

Question 22

Southern Manifesto

Answer 22

A statement issued by 106 southern congressmen in 1954, after the Brown v. Board of Education decision, pledging to oppose desegregation.

Question 23

Rosa Parks

Answer 23

Black seamstress who refused to give up her seat to a white man on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955, triggering a bus boycott that energized the civil rights movement.

Question 24

MLK Jr.

Answer 24

Ordained Baptist minister and civil rights leader committed to nonviolence; a brilliant orator, he led many of the important protests of the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 25

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer 25

Group formed by Martin Luther King Jr. and others after the Montgomery bus boycott; it became the backbone of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question 26

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Answer 26

Created the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, which primarily investigated restrictions on voting, and the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice.