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APUSH 24-25 > Period 8 (1945-1980) > Flashcards

Period 8 (1945-1980) Flashcards

1
Q

8-2

Who was Alger Hiss?

Madeleine Dixon

A

U.S governenment official accused of being a Soviet spy

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2
Q

Who was Thurgood Marshall?

Madeleine Dixon

A

An American lawyer who served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1967 to 1991, becoming the Court’s first African-American justice

He was instramental in many civil rights cases

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3
Q

8-3

What did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 do?

Madeleine Dixon

A

Ended quotas favoring European immigrants

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4
Q

8-6

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion

Selena Broussard

A

1961 attempt by the CIA to overthrow the Castro regime in Cuba. Was very unsuccessful as the CIA underestimated the public support for Castro.

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5
Q

8-6

What was the Eisenhower Doctorine?

Selena Broussard

A

-1957
-Doctrine that started US involvement in the the Middle East
-gave Eisenhower the power to send armed forces to the Middle East

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6
Q

8-7

What were the Pentagon Papers?

Selena Broussard

A

-Documents published by the New York Times and the Washington Post
-Papers showing presidents Kennedy and Johnson misled the public about the origins and nature of the Vietnam War.

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7
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine

Sophia Nguyen

A

The Truman Doctrine sought to contain the spread of communism, based on the belief that rest of the world sought to imitate the United States’ system of democracy

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8
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

Sophia Nguyen

A

The Marshall Plan was an effort to limit the spread of communism by gaining influence in Eastern Europe through economic assistance.

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9
Q

How did Richard Nixon’s foreign policy differ from Jimmy Carter’s?

Sophia Nguyen

A

Nixon utilized a realpolitik policy, which prioritized the interests of the US over human rights or democracy, while Jimmy Carter sought to promote a higher moral standard for governments. However, Carter’s application of this policy was inconsistent, allowing for alliances with repressive regimes and participating in the overthrowing of Iran’s democratically elected president.

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10
Q

Module 8-1

What was the Iron Curtain?

Addison Cates

A

The ideological and political divide between the communist Soviet Union and the non-communist western world.

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11
Q

Module 8-5

What was the Montgomary Bus Boycott?

Addison Cates

A

Thirteen-month bus boycott that began with the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man.

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12
Q

Module 8-8

What were freedom Rides?

Addison Cates

A

Integrated bus rides through the South to test compliance with the Supreme Court rulings on segregation.

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13
Q

Module: 8.3

What led to an increase in people moving to suburbs?

Auberon Schnyder

A

The interstate highway act, and William levitt building houses with

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14
Q

8.2

Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenburg?

Auberon Schnyder

A

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg were american citizens who were executed for being Soviet spys under insufficient evidence. There deaths were highly protested

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15
Q

8-1

What was the Iron Curtain?

Sophia Serino

A

Winston Churchill’s idea of the metaphorical divide between capitalists and communists during the Cold War

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16
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

Sophia Serino

A

U.S. support to European countries in hopes of achieving Containment

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17
Q

What was the GI Bill?

Sophia Serino

A

Law made help returning veterans find homes and get education(1944)

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18
Q

Module 8-4

Who were the Beatniks?

Jacquelyn St.Clair

A
  • Small group of young poets, muscians, writers, artists, etc.
    * Challenged mainstrem culture
  • Connection to jazz music
  • Affinty with Black artistic community
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19
Q

8-9

What was Counterculture?

Jacquelyn St.Clair

A

* Young cultural rebls of the 1960s who rejected conventional, moral, and sexual values
* “Hippie era”
* Used drugs to gain “higher conciousness”
* Sexual freedom
* Instant gratification
* Concerns in modern tech / nuclear annhilation

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20
Q

8-5/6

What was the Tet Offensive?

Jacquelyn St.Clair

A
  • Series of coordinated attacks by North Vietnamese / Vietcong
  • *One of the largest military campaigns in the Vietnam War
  • Eroded public U.S support back home (shocking casualties; violence televised)
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21
Q

What was “The Great Society” and who began it?

A

“The Great Society” was a series of policy initiatives, legislation and programs created by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

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22
Q

What were some of the goals of “The Great Society”?

A

The goals of “The Great Society” include ending poverty, reducing crime, abolishing inequality, and improving the environment.

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23
Q

What was Stagflation?

A

A period of economic instability in the 1970s in which there was high inflation and uneven economic growth.

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24
Q

8

What was the Marshall Plan?

Emilia Tohen

A

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

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25
# 8 What is Détente? ## Footnote Emilia Tohen
A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that the United States adopted during the presidency of Richard Nixon
26
# 8-10 What is Watergate? ## Footnote Emilia Tohen
The 1972 break-in at the DNC headquarters and the White House cover-up that followed eventually pushed Nixon to resign to avoid impeachment.
27
# 8-5 What nuance of the Brown v. Board did many southern districts exploit to resist the growing civil rights movement? ## Footnote Maya G
The decision called for "all delibriate speed," which allowed them to slow the process of desegregating schools significantly.
28
# 8-1 What was the Berlin airlift? ## Footnote Maya G
The transport of supplies to west Berlin(under soviet control at the time) by U.S. gov. forces during Berlin Blockade.
29
# 8-7 What was the Golf of Tonkin Resolution? ## Footnote Maya G
Gave Johnson unlimited power to make military decisions regarding Vietnam. Led to escalation and the Vietnam War.
30
# 8.10 What was the Watergate scandal?
Burglars broke into the White house Democratic National Committee headquarters and attempted to gain classified political information. President Nixon's party and him were found to have tried to cover it up due to involvement and it ultimately led to Nixon resigning.
31
# 8.9 What was the Great Society?
The Great Society was a series of poverty combating programs created by president Lyndon B. Johnson to fight the “War on Poverty” which included the creation of medicaid/care, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and more.
32
# 8.11 What was the Great Society?
The Great Society was a series of poverty combating programs created by president Lyndon B. Johnson to fight the “War on Poverty” which included the creation of medicaid/care, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and more.
33
What was the Red Scare? ## Footnote Olivia Michael
The fear that communism would spread to America because of the Soviet Union's influence
34
What was the difference between MLK's approach and Malcom X's approach to protesting?
MLK believed in peaceful nonviolent protests while Malcolm X believed the only way to fight inequality was with violence
35
What was the Roe vs. Wade trial?
36
# mod 8-7 what was the war powers act 1973 ## Footnote modupe erinle
- required president to consult w/ congress within 48 hrs of deploying military forces -Obtain a declaration of war from congress if troops remain for 60+ days on foreign land
37
# 8-8 what was the black panther party ## Footnote modupe erinle
- advance the blk power moment in blk communities - appealed to black men - supporters of violence
38
What is the 26th Ammendment? ## Footnote Brooklynn Dominguez
Lowered the Voting Age for Elections
39
What were the Freedom Rides? ## Footnote Brooklynn Dominguez
Integretated Bus Rides in the South
40
What was the Little Rock 9? ## Footnote Brooklynn Dominguez
1st 9 African Americans to attend integrated school. They required protection of the National Guard upon entering the building.
41
# Mod 8-6 What was America's response to the creation of the Berlin Wall? ## Footnote Katherine Xie
When the Soviet Union constructed the Berlin Wall to prevent America from sending in resources through the land, America responded by sending in aircrafts to provide resources, also known as the ** Berlin Airlift**.
42
# Module 8-8 What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish? ## Footnote Chiara Padilla
It Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson which ended all segregation in public spaces. Created the Equal Employment Comission. Signed by President Lydon B. Johnson.
43
# Mod 8-3, 8-5, 8-9 How did the youth contribute to policies in the 1950s-80s ## Footnote Katherine Xie
Civil Rights Movments: sit-ins, protests Anti-war: peace marches, draft resistance Teen Culture: challenges social norms Youth Rights Movements: SNCC
44
# Module 8-2 What was McCarthyism? ## Footnote Chiara Padilla
AKA the 2nd Red Scare. 1940s-50s campagin to spread fear of communism throughout US and accuse certain people of being communists w/o sufficient evidence.
45
# Mod 8-8 What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964? ## Footnote Katherine Xie
Policy implemented to prohibit discrimination in public places, employment, and promote federal enformcement of school desegregation
46
# Module 8-2 What was the main idea of McCarthhyism? ## Footnote Kai G.
* harsh anticommunism and harrassment of suspected radicals * McCarthy was a very radical anti-communist and manipulated the truth about people
47
# Module 8-5 Why was Brown v. Board of Education so significant? ## Footnote Kai G.
* overturned "sepreate but equal" eestablished in Plessy v. Furgeson * ended segregation in schools
48
# Module 8-10 What was the Watergate scandal? ## Footnote Kai G.
* 1974 stealing of democratic files and documents by Nixon's administration * Nixon denied involvement at first, then was revealed he was involved * Nixon would be impeached, but he resigned * more distrust in the US government by the public
49
# Module 8-2 What was the House Un-American Activities Committee? ## Footnote Sowmya Sankaran
A **house committee** that investigated domestic communism. Its trials were highly publicized and were of people throughout the government and Hollywood.
50
# Module 8-5 What was the SNCC? ## Footnote Sowmya Sankaran
The **Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee**, which was a civil rights organization that planned sit-ins. It was made up of both black and white young citizens.
51
# Module 8-8 What was affirmative action and what were some responses to it? ## Footnote Sowmya Sankaran
**Programs and laws that addressed historical disrimination** by having **guidelines of hiring/acceptances based on race and gender**, benefiting minorities and women in getting equal access to opportunity. It faced a lot of resistance, specifically from white students such as **Alan Bakke** who believed that they did not get acceptance to schools because of preferential treatment of minorities.
52
What was the Marshall plan?
(Front of Card) A U.S. program that provided economic aid to help rebuild European economies after WWII to prevent the spread of communism
53
What was the containment policy?
A foreign policy strategy aimed at preventing the spread of communism, primarily associated with the Truman Doctrine and the U.S. response to Soviet expansion.
54
What was the Cuban missile crisis
A 13-day confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba, bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war before a peaceful resolution was reached.
55
# 8.3 Why and where did suburban communities in the post World War II society? ## Footnote Grace Morneau
Many people fled to suburban communities in search of affordable housing with the new boom in babies and married couples. These communities formed on the outskirts of major cities, starting with Levittowns.
56
# 8.2 What were the McCarthy trials? ## Footnote Grace Morneau
The McCarthy trials were conducted against people suspected of being communist, with a large emphasis on Hollywood. Many actors and actresses were through accusations by Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism) for suspected communism.
57
# 8.10 What was the Watergate Scandal? ## Footnote Grace Morneau
The Watergate Scandal involved a group called the Plumbers who broke into Democratic headquarters to dig up dirt on the party and its members to ensure Nixon’s election. This led to Nixon impeachment and resignation.
58
Who was the senator who accused over 200 people of being communists in government? ## Footnote Jude Luehring
Joseph Mccarthy
59
What was the invasion of cuba called? ## Footnote Jude
Bay of Pigs Invasion
60
# 8-10 What happened as a result of the Watergate Scandal? ## Footnote Mackenzie H
- Nixon chose to resign to avoid impeachment - Caused a lot of distrust in the public
61
# 8.1 What is the Truman Doctrine? ## Footnote Finn Brandt
The Truman Doctrine was the U.S's pledge to contain the spread and influence of communism. This was a vital thought form during the Cold War.
62
# 8-1 What was the NSC-68? ## Footnote Mackenzie H
A policy published in 1950 that advocated for military buildup and containment in the early Cold War
63
# 8.9 What is counterculture? ## Footnote Finn Brandt
Counterculture was the younger generation's general rejection of conventional moral and sexual beliefs, noteably participating in mass drug use to gain higher forms of conciousness.
64
# 8-3 What was the baby boom? ## Footnote Mackenzie H
A spike in the number of babies born after WWI, mainly the 1950s. ## Footnote \
65
# 8-10 What are SALT I and SALT II? ## Footnote Finn Brandt
SALT I and SALT II are both "Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties" which basically limited the amount of missiles the U.S or U.S.S.R could deploy at any given time (ABM's, ICBM'S, sumarine missiles).
66
# 8-2 Who were the Rosenbergs? ## Footnote Xaviera Vranka
The Rosenbergs were a couple accused of being communist spies, and were executed for it. Evidence suggests Julius Rosenberg was a spy, while Ethel is unknown.
67
# 8-11 What was the Christian Right? ## Footnote Xaviera Vranka
The Christian Right was a political concept that the church and state should not be separated, and conservative views should have Christianity in mind - leading to the opposition of many changes (roe v wade)
68
69
# Module 8-1 What was the Marshall Plan and how did show American views toward Communism? ## Footnote Chloe Gentry
It was a post WWII European economic aid to help set up capitalist governments in Western Europe. It was set up in hope that a country would develop their own communist-free governments to prevent the spread of idealogies of communism throughout all of Europe.
70
# Module 8-5 What was Brown v. Board of Education? ## Footnote Chloe Gentry
A case that overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, "separate but equal". And making segregation illegal, but especially in (public) schools.
71
# Module 8-7 What was the domino theory? ## Footnote Chloe Gentry
A belief that if the US didn't prevent the spread of communism in Asia, soon every country would become communist as well.
72
# 8.9 What was AIM? ## Footnote Lane Wagner
the American Indian Movement - red power - blamed US for mistreatment of American Indians
73
# 8.3 What is the Sun Belt? ## Footnote Lane Wagner
southwest US, millions of Americans moved post WWII.
74
# Module 8-10 What did the Camp David Accords succesfully accomplish? ## Footnote Chiara Padilla
(1978) Successfuly ended Yom Kippur War with peace treaty signed by Egypt and Israel. It was mediated by President Carter
75
# Module 8-10 What are something that happened during 1968 before the election? ## Footnote Anne X
Vietcong launched the Tet Offensive; police accidentally shot crowd; black riots; protests; assassination of Robert Kennedy
76
# Module 8-10 What are SALT 1 and SALT 2? ## Footnote Anne X
Agreement between the US and the Soviet Union to curtail nuclear arms production during the Cold War
77
# module 8.3 What was Levittown? ## Footnote Callia
-Suburb division outside in Long Island, built in response to postwar housing crisis - Cheap, massed produced housing - Promoted conformity and anti-communism
78
# module 8.9 What was the Immigration Act of 1965 ## Footnote Callia
-Repealed quotas based on country of origin for immigrants -led immigration to shift from Europe to Asia and Central/South America
79
What was McCarthyism? ## Footnote Hayden Wagner
It was kinda another word for anticommunism, named after Joseph McCarthy who claimed to have known the names of many communists within the gov
80
What was the result of the Bay of Pigs invasion? ## Footnote Hayden Wagner
It ultimately led to the Cuban Missle Crisis
81
82
# Module 8-11 Who was Phyllis Schlafly? ## Footnote Anne X
She is a conservative activist and founded Stop ERA Organization to prevent “unisex society”

APUSH 24-25 (9 decks)

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