Period 2 (1607–1754)

Question 1

Module 2-3

What were indulgences created by the Catholic Church, and why were many reformers so against them?

Katherine Xie

Answer 1

Indulgences were ways that people could buy their way out of sin causing the church to gain more money. Many reformers were against them because they started to challenge the practices of the church.

Question 2

Module 2- 2

What were British motivations for colonization?

Jacquelyn St.Clair

Answer 2

Before colonization, the British were in economic ruin. There was an extreme need to make money; and traveling to Americas was seen as the perfect opportunity. The effects of the Columbian exchange and inflation led to diminishing natural wealth of nobles. And, lower-class commoners/ servants economically were deprived due to enclosure movements and sought a better lifestyle for themselves and their families.

Question 3

What was the institution that perpuated gerational slavery?

Auberon Schnyder

Answer 3

Chattel Slavery was the institution of generational enslavement. Essentially a child’s mother dictated whether or not the child was a slave.

Question 4

Module 2-7

How did slavery reshape the Southern colonies?

Katherine Xie

Answer 4

The Southern colonies’ economy depended on agriculture, which required more workers to labor. Slavery was the cheapest way of labor, so more enslaved people were imported and the black to white ratio of people increased.

Question 5

What Is the difference between the old light and the new light clergy

Emilia Tohen

Answer 5

The old light clergy was opposed to the new way of religion in the Great Awakening while The new light clergy was willing to go by the Great Awakening and were open to change in the church.

Question 6

module 2-7

What are some of the ways Africans resisted slavery

Modupe Erinle

Answer 6

The enslaved people feined illness, broke tools, and burned down buildings

Question 7

Module 2-6

What is mercantilism and how does it work?

Modupe Erinle

Answer 7

mercatnilism is the favorable balance of trade and its when the “mother countries” have colonies make money for them. (France, England, Spain) Want the flow of gold to come in and stay rather than out.

Question 8

How did the Stono Rebellion affect the lives of the slaves

Emilia Tohen

Answer 8

Because of the rebellion, it made slave owners worried about their power so new laws were put in place for the slaves. Slavehad less power over what they could do and had even less freedom.

Question 9

Module 2-8

Why was the trade of guns for captives significant in escalating conflicts among tribes during the late 17th century?

Anne Xuan

Answer 9

Peaceful tribes were forced to join for self-protection, furthur escalating raiding by American Indian foes and enslavement.

Question 10

Module 2-2

What was Bacon’s Rebellion and why was it significant?

Xaviera Vranka

Answer 10

Bacon’s rebellion was led by Nathaniel Bacon, who was an indentured servant looking for protection from the Natives. His rebellion brought together black people along with anyone who opposed the government, leading to harsher divisions between black enslaved people and indentured white servants

Question 11

Module 2-6

What was mercantilism?

Xaviera Vranka

Answer 11

Mercantilism was a system used by the European mother countries. It was founded around the idea of a finite amount of wealth and silver in the colonies, which each mother country wanted for themselves. In mercantilism, the mother countries attempted to control the wealth coming from the colonies to ensure it was only coming back to them

Question 12

Module 2-2

What major thing did John Smith do?

Sophia Serino

Answer 12

Established Jamestown

Question 13

Module 2-7

What is the Middle Passage?

Sophia Serino

Answer 13

A rough route through the Atlantic Ocean that was used to transport enslaved Africans.

Question 14

Module 2-2 and 2-3

What did the Mayflower Compact and House of Burgesses have in common?

Maya Giebitz

Answer 14

They both provided ways of self governing in the colonies. The House of Burgesses was a committee in charge of local laws and taxes, while the Mayflower Compact was the first written constitution in North America allowing for self-government in Plymouth.

Question 15

Module 2-6

What were the Navigation Acts? What was their purpose?

Maya Giebitz

Answer 15

Acts that required merchants to trade with English colonies in English ships, and sometimes directly ship cash crops. Their purpose was to ensure that England profited from the natural resources of the colonies.

Question 16

Module 2-2

What was the House of Burgesses?

Grace Morneau

Answer 16

The House of Burgesses was a local Virginian governing body granted to the colonies by King James. They could make laws and levy taxes, but were subject to veto by the company council in London.

Question 17

2-5

What was the Walking Purchase? Who did it affect?

Grace Morneau

Answer 17

The Walking Purchase was a deceptive treaty forged by the British to push Delalware and Iroquois Indians off their land for colonization in Pennsylvania.

Question 18

What is the difference between the New Light and Old Light Clergy

Brooklynn Dominguez

Answer 18

The New Light Clergy wanted religious revivals while the Old Light Clergy supported the Religious Status Quo

Question 19

Who was John Winthrop?

Lane Wagner

Answer 19

John Winthrop was a settler in Puritan “City on a Hill”, he wanted the Massachusetts city to be an example of how to live.

Question 20

Who are Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson?

Brooklynn Dominguez

Answer 20

Both were exiled by the Puritans in New England, and forced south. They challenged Puritan beliefs, and gathered all their followers in the south.

Question 21

When and why did Bacon’s rebellion occur and what was the outcome of it?

Bella p.

Answer 21

Bacon’s rebellion occurred in 1676 Bacon’s rebellion occurred because poor farmers who were forced to live on the outskirts of the Chesapeake Colony were therefore subject to violence and raids by the natives and eventually grew tired of being afraid and decided to rebel because of it.

Question 22

What colony did the Stono Rebellion occur in? And why did it happen?

Bella p.

Answer 22

The Stono rebellion occurred in the southern colony in South Carolina. The Stono rebellion happened because enslaved people were tired of the way they were being treated and had heard that they could be free if they traveled to St. Augustine, Florida and joined the Spanish.

Question 23

Module 2.7

What were slave codes and why were they enacted?

Callia Jesurun

Answer 23

Slave codes were enacted to tighten control over enslaved people while raising profits from plantations. They banned enslaved people from owning weapons, joining militias, meeting in groups, and traveling without a pass.

Question 24

Module 2.1

What were the main differences between French, British, and Spanish Colonization?

Callia Jesurun

Answer 24

French: friendly, fur/fish, family
British: Profit-based, aggressive, Joint-stock/headright
Spanish: God, Glory, Gold; Encomienda,

Question 25

Module 2-5

What was Leisler’s Rebellion and why was it important?

Sowmya Sankaran

Answer 25

Jacob Leisler led a rebellion against taxes and rules in New York, and overthrew royal authorities to gain power. He helped middle-class colonists, but was executed by representatives of the King in 1691.

Question 26

Module 2-8

What was King George’s War and who was it between?

Sowmya Sankaran

Answer 26

The Spanish were angry about the English colony of Georgia, and they and the English fought with their navies, and the British succeeded in securing Georgia.

Question 27

2-2

What were joint-stock companies and how did they affect the development of the colonies?

Chiara Padilla

Answer 27

Companies in which large pools of investors would own a small amount of stock and therefore have less risk. A large amount of funds provided more resources for more workers to travel to the colonies.

Question 28

Module 2-9

What was the New Light Clergy and what did they have a major part in?

Kai Gehres

Answer 28

The New Light Clergy were ministers who wanted to address the criss of faith in the New England colonies. They wanted to bring more young people into the church and introduce Pietist ideas. They had a major part in contributing to the Great Awakening.

Question 29

Module 2-7

What colony was the enslavement of Africans a big part of and what did the slaves produce?

Kai Gehres

Answer 29

Slavery was mainly in the Southern Colonies and the British West Indies. In the Southern Colonies, they produced primarily rice, cotton, and tobacco. In the West Indies, they primarily produced sugar.

Question 30

2-3

What was the patriarchal family system, and what effect did it have on the New England colonizers?

Chiara Padilla

Answer 30

Men and boys were expected to work on their farms and lead their families while women were expected to watch over and care for the children. Puritans became widely accepting of this framework and this lead to the New England colonies having big families and relying on substinence farming.

Question 31

Module 2-6

What’s a barebones definition/understanding of mercantilism?

Finn Brandt

Answer 31

An economic system intended to increase wealth of the state by limiting imports and encouraging export of local goods.

Question 32

2-9

How did the Englightenment affect the colonies?

Finn Brandt

Answer 32

The Enlightenment gave the colonies and colonists a different perspective on religion and that caused them to be more religiously tolerant.

Question 33

Which areas of the British colonies was slavery most popular in and why?

Jude Luehring

Answer 33

Slavery was much more popular in the southern colonies because the south had a better growing season, which led the necessity of having slaves working on plantations.

Question 34

Module 2-6

What happened in North America after the consumer revolution?

Anne Xuan

Answer 34

The colonies became more closey linked to financial success and a refined lifestyle rather than birth and family pedigree.

Question 35

Why did the South have bigger and more profitable plantations then the North?

Answer 35

The weather allowed for a better and longer growing season.

Question 36

Who was John Winthrop?

Answer 36

He was the leader if the city upon a hill.

Question 37

How did the French sustain their presence in North America?

Answer 37

Despite their low population in the Americas compared to that of the English, the French were able to maintain their forts and colonies through military and trade alliances with native groups such as the Huron and Dakota nations.

Question 38

What were enclosure movements and how did they affect the English colonization of North America?

Answer 38

Enclosure movements claimed that only nobles had the right to own land, leading to the eviction of commoners, and a high homeless population, who were then arrested and sold them into indentured servitude in Jamestown.