Period 5 (1844-1877) Flashcards
5-2
What four things did the Compromise of 1850 establish?
Maya Giebitz
- Admitted California as a free state
- Divided remaining land into New Mexico and Utah using popular sovereignty to determine their status
- Ended the slave trade in D.C
- Strengthened earlier fugitive slave laws with the Fugitive Slave Act
Module 5-8
What were the details of the Compromise of 1877
Modupe Erinle
- (D) support Rutherford B. Hayes in exchange for end of Reconstruction
- Ø northern troops in S°
- Transcontinental Railroad in south
- Southerns have a spot in cabinet
-
5-3
What was the importance of the Dred Scott case?
Maya Giebitz
It resulted in the court ruling that black men had no rights and declared that Congress had no authority to exclude slavery from any territory
Mod 5-7
Who are Exodusters? What was their goal?
Jacquelyn St.Clair
- African Americans
- Mass migration from SOUTH to Kansas
- Wish to escape bigotry
- New economic opportunities
Mod 5-2
What was the Wilmot Proviso and what did it fail to achieve?
Jacquelyn St.Clair
- Proposed by David Wilmot
- Hoped to outlaw slavery in all territory gained from MEX
- Failed to address question of slavery in new western territory
- Foreshadowed sectional conflict
- Wilmot gave voice to “Free-Soil Party”
Mod 5-3
What was the American Party
Modupe Erinle
“know nothing party”
- anti immigration and catholicism
Mod 5-3
What was Bleeding Kansas? (Mid-1850’s)
Jacquelyn St.Clair
- Period of violence in new Kansas territory
- Violence over fate of slavery
- Outcome of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
- Fight for votes in popular sovereignty
- Intensified sectionalism
Mod 5-5
What was the 13th Amendment?
Selena Broussard
- Amendment passed in January 1865 abolishing slavery
Mod 5-6
What was the 14th Amendment?
Selena Broussard
- Amendment defining citizenship and protcting individual, civil, and political rights from abridgment (resriction) by states.
- Adopeted during the Reconstruction era
- Overturned the Dred Scott decision
Mod 5-6
What was the 15th Amendment?
Selena Broussard
- amendment prohibiting the abridgment (restriction) of a citizen’s right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
- Southern states did not like this amendment and tried nermerous strategies to circumvent it
Mod 5-4
Union’s Advantages during the Civil War
Emilia Tohen
Larger population and industrial capacity than the Confederacy.
Mod 5-1
Forty-Niners
Emilia Tohen
people who looked for gold who migrated to California in 1849
Mod 5-4
Fort Sumter
Emilia Tohen
The location where the Civil War began in April 1861
What was the Sand Creek Massacre?
Sophia Nguyen
The Sand Creek Massacre resulted from the flood of settlers into Colorado in pursuit of gold, which had forced the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians off of their land. They were promised refuge by the Third Colorado Cavalry at Sand Creek, but upon arrival, nearly 200 were killed.
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act fuel sectional tensions between the North and South?
Sophia Nguyen
It was introduced by Stephen Douglas, who, in pursuit of a transcontinental railroad across Illinois, his home state, reopened the debate over slavery above the Missouri Compromise line in an attempt to gain southern supporters. The passing of the bill repealed the Missouri Compromise and enraged northerners.
How did Lincoln’s election result in the seccession of the southern states?
Sophia Nguyen
As he was elected despite not having had recieved a single electoral vote from a southern state, his election made it clear that, with the current state of affairs, the southern states held less political power than that of the northern states and would be unable to maintain their current system of slavery.
5-6
What did carpetbagger mean?
Madeleine Dixon
A deragatory term used by southeners to call northeners who would come into the south an “steal their glory”
5-1
What signaled the end of the Mexican-American War?
Madeleine Dixon
The treaty of Guatalupe Hidalgo
5-2
Which president was known for pushing the idea of manifest destiny during his term(s)?
Madeleine Dixon
James K. Polk
What was the enrollment act?
- required men registry
- men could pay $300 to avoid enrollment
What did the enrollment act lead to?
- many riots in New York City
- “rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”
What were the KKK’s motives?
- to ensure white superiority
- to undermine the Republican party
Module 5-4
What is the Emancipation Proclamation (1862)
Modupe Erinle
- Abramham lincoln delcares enslaved people free in all states
- Didn’t work in South due to Lincoln “techniquelly” not having any power in Confederate States
Mod 5-6
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Addison cates
Federal agency created to provide free people with economic + legal resources
Mod 5-4
What was the confiscation act?
Addison Cates
Any enslaved people who were forced to work for the confederate army would no longer be bound to slaveholders
Mod 5-5
What was the Gettysburg Address?
Addison Cates
Lincoln’s speech that tied the war against slavery to the fulfillment of the nation’s founding ideal “that all men are created equal”
Why was the admission of California and New Mexico territory so controversial?
Xaviera Vranka
There were meant debates over whether these territories should be entered as free or enslaved states - the admission could easily off balance the senate
What was the Union strategy during the civil war?
Xaviera Vranka
The anaconda plan - they used their strong naval power to split the confederate states by getting control of the Mississippi River
5-3
Who was John Brown?
Sophia Serino
A radical abolitionist who led a raid in Harpers Ferry
5-5
What is the 13th Amendment?
Sophia Serino
Prohibition of slavery
5-3
Who was the president of the Confederacy?
Sophia Serino
Jefferson Davis
What was an “Exoduster”?
African Americans who left the south to move to the Midwest particularly Kansas during the reconstruction era
What was Reconstruction?
Reconstruction (1865-1877) in which 11 ex-confederate states were forced to remake their societies as they were entered back into the union
What did the 14th amendment do?
gave citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States + no state can take a person’s livelihood without due process of law (overturning the Dred Scott decision)
What were the Redeemers
White conservatives who wanted to bring the south back to its glory days.
What was the Liberty Party
An antislavery party that advocated slavery hurt the North’s economy and were aligned with the Free-Soil Party.
What was the siege of Vicksburg
Union troops took control of the Mississippi River valley after forcing confederate surrender at Vicksburg
5.7-5.8
What is a scalawag?
Lane Wagner
White Southern supporter of Reconstruction, called traitors by white supremacists.
5.4
What were the Union’s main strengths?
Lane Wagner
-Had more population
-more industry
-more transportation
5.4
What were the Confederacy’s main strengths?
Lane Wagner
-military strategy
- knew the land
- defense
What was the Sand Creek Massacre?
Mackenzie Hines
1864 massacre where nearly 200 Cheyenne and Arapho Indfians were killed by the U.S. army.
What was the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction?
Mackenzie Hines
Plan proposed by Lincoln that asked for little from southern states.
- Aboliton in the South
- 10% swear oath of allegiance
What was the difference between the Liberty Party and the Free-Soil Party?
Mackenzie Hines
Both parties were antislavery, however, the Liberty Party focused on morality while the Free-Soil Party focused on economic debates.
Module 5-7
What were the Force Acts?
Kai G.
Acts imposed by Congress in response to the attacks by the KKK on freedpeople. Most members of the KKK were prosecuted.
Module 5-5
What did the Field Order Number 15 do?
Kai G.
The Field Order Number 15 used the captured Confederate land and divided it for recently freed people to use to farm and live on. It was issued by General Ulysses Grant.
Module 5-3
Who wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and what did it advocate?
Kai G.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and advocated antislavery views. It was used to show the evils of slavery to people in the North and was in response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
Mod 5-2
Who was the Free Soil Party?
Katherine Xie
They were a group of people determined to prevent the expansion of slavery as America continued to expand west. They did not focus on the moral wrongs of slavery, but instead on providing better economy for white people.
Mod 5-6
Who were the Radical Republicans, and how did they influence abolitionism?
Katherine Xie
Radical Republicans were a group of abolitionsts determined to establish civil rights for freedpeople and fully impliment emancipaiton. They did this by passing the 14th and 15th amendments.
Mod 5-7
How did sharecropping affect freedpeople’s rights and freedoms?
Katherine Xie
Sharecropping despite the ban of slavery, was almost a restriction on freedpeople’s rights and freedoms. Because the South still relied on farming and agriculture, there had to be another way for the whites to earn profit. So, it was decided that freedpeople would recieve land and certain resources in exchange for working the land of the landownders.
Module 5-1
What was the resulting treaty that ended the Mexican-American War?
Chiara Padilla
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war in 1848. It forced Mexico to cede 1,000,000 acres of their land and granted the US ownership over Texas.
Mod 5-2
What was controversial about the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?
Chiara Padilla
It strengthened earlier slave acts which entailed Northeners having to report escaped slaves as well as not allowing any escaped enslaved people to have a trial. The Act greatly angered Northeners as they thought that the government was siding with the Southern Democrats.
5-6
What did the Radical Republicans believe in?
Chiara Padilla
Republicans who believed in the abolition cause before the war and believed that the North should be stricter on the South during Reconstruction.
Mod 5. 1
How did the Gold Rush affect society?
Auberon
The gold rush cause rapid population growth, thus leading to rapid ubanization and leading to a boosted economy. Immigrants were attracted to this and many Chinese immigrants started their own companies and women owned buisness. However, this influx of people also resulted in conflict with native inhabitants.
Mod 5.4
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
Auberon
Was the 18th US president. He led the union army to victory.
What are scalawags
Jude Luehring
Scalawags were a rude name for white southerners who supported reconstruction
Under who’s presidency was Texas annexed
Jude Luehring
James K. Polk’s
What were the main goals of reconstruction
Aiden Schum
- 13th, 14th, 15th, amendments
- Economic and social rebuilding in the South
What were the challenges of reconstruction
Aiden Schum
- Violent resistance from white southerners
- The end of reconstruction that led to more violence in the south
What were the main causes of the civil war
Aiden Schum
- Abraham Lincolns election
- Succession by southern states
- The attack of fort Sumter
Mod. 5.3
What were the Spot Resolutions?
Grace Morneau
Resolutions proposed by Abraham Lincoln to James K. Polk asking for clarification on where the Mexican-American war had started (American or Mexican soil?)
5.7
What was a “carpetbagger”
Grace Morneau
Northerners who moved to the south in search of land to farm and in hopes of prosperity
5.6
What earlier political legislation did the Dred Scott case decision nullify?
Grace Morneau
The Missouri Compromise; The Dred Scott decision essentially said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, as the government could not control private property, and slaves were private property. Therefore, the line drawn in the Missouri Compromise could not be used to limit the expansion of slavery.
5-2
Which party came before the Free Soil party that carried the main goal of abolitionism?
Finn Brandt
The Liberty Party
5-4
How was the Emancipation Proclamation recieved in the North?
Finn Brandt
It wasn’t recieved well, causing violent riots in New York.
5-8
Why was Rutherford B. Hayes allowed to be elected president? What conditions did he have to meet?
Finn Brandt
Joint Electoral Commision decided president-elect, Hayes promised to have Southern representatives in his cabinet, and to end Reconstruction.
5-6
What was the Dred Scott case?
Callia Jesurun
-supreme court ruling in 1857 that declared black people not citizens in the eyess of the law
-further contributed to sectional conflicts as it repealed the Missouri Compromise, upsetting the North
Module 5-2
What was the underground railroad and why was it significant to the emancipation movement?
Sowmya Sankaran
The underground railroad was a series of paths from southern plantations to free states in the north. Abolitionists worked as conductors and provided hiding places and resources to people fleeing the south. The slaves that escaped on the underground railroad were prominent contributors to the abolitionist movement in the North, helping to free their compatriots in the South.
Module 5-5
What was Sherman’s March to the Sea and why was it significant?
Sowmya Sankaran
General William Tecumseh Sherman laid seige to Southern land during the end of the Civil War, implementing total war tactics and capturing large areas of land down the Atlantic Coast. This destroyed a lot of valuable land in the South, and some soldiers treated citizens very poorly.
5-2
What were Filibusters?
-unauthorized military expeditions to gain control of Cuba, Nicaragua, and other Spanish territories in the 1850s
-Ostend Manifesto–> Northerners upset
Module 5-6
What were the black codes and how did they affect the formerly enslaved freedpeople?
Sowmya Sankaran
The black codes were racial laws that southern states passed directly after the Civil War. Their goal was to restrict the rights of freedpeople and keep their condition as close to slavery as possible- this included prohibiting them from bearing arms, outlawing intermarraige, and preventing them from serving on juries.
Module 5-1
Some American married to Mexicans, adapted their culture and Catholicism. What are they called?
Anne Xuan
Californios
Module 5-3
What party wanted to stop slavery expansion and advocate economic and internal improvements? (They were made out of Whigs and free-soilers)
Anne Xuan
Republican Party
5-3
What is a plan that wanted to protect existed slavery from federal power and extend Missouri Compromise line to California; failed after seven states seceded?
Anne Xuan
Crittenden Plan
What was the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
It ended the Mexican American war and gave the US western land.
How did Hayes win the presidency?
Through the compromise of 1877, gaining him electoral college votes in exchange for the end of reformation.
Who did the Emancipation Proclamation free?
Slaves in the confederacy, it did not free any slaves in the union.
Module 5-2
What was the Compromise of 1850 and what did it cover?
Chloe Gentry
It was a series of acts following California’s application for admission to the United States as a free state. Helped sectional crises in the US
Module 5-1
Which U.S. president strongly believed in manifest destiny?
Chloe Gentry
James Polk
Module 5-8
What brought along the end of Reconstruction?
Chloe Gentry
The election of Rutherford Hayes
