Period 8: 1945-1980

Question 1

Security Council

Answer 1

Used by the president to deal with foreign policy matters and national safety through advisors and an executive cabinet - assist the president in these decisions.

Question 2

Iron Curtain

Answer 2

Symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991

Question 3

Truman Doctrine

Answer 3

Advocated containment of communism by lending support to any country that was threatened by said soviet communism

Question 4

Loyalty Review Board

Answer 4

Purpose was to investigate government employees and to dismiss those who were disloyal to the US

Question 5

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Answer 5

Created to investigate alleged communists

Question 6

McCarthyism

Answer 6

“Witch hunt” for communists

Question 7

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill)

Answer 7

Provided WWII veterans with funds for college, unemployment insurance, and housing

Question 8

Baby Boom

Answer 8

50 million babies entering US population between 1945 nd 1960

Question 9

Levittown

Answer 9

Project of 17,000 mass-produced, low price family homes in Long Island, New York

Question 10

Sun Belt

Answer 10

States to the South and Southwest

Question 11

22nd Amendment

Answer 11

Limited a president to a maximum of 2 full terms in office

Question 12

Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 12

Purpose was to check the growing power of unions by: requiring workers to join a union before being hired, etc.

Question 13

Fair Deal

Answer 13

Included national health insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights legislation, funds for public housing, and a new farm program

Question 14

Highway Act

Answer 14

Authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nation’s major cities

Question 15

Stagflation

Answer 15

Combination of economic slowdown and high inflation

Question 16

New Frontier

Answer 16

The campaign program advocated by JFK in the 1960 election. He promised to revitalize the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights.

Question 17

Warren Commission

Answer 17

Commission made by LBJ after killing of John F. Kennedy. (Point is to investigate if someone paid for the assasination of Kennedy.) Conclusion is that Oswald killed Kennedy on his own. Commissioner is Chief Justice Warren.

Question 18

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 18

the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Prior to becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his activity in the Little Rock 9 and his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education

Question 19

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 19

Supreme court over turned Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal) in a unanimous vote, deeming separate schools inherently unequal

Question 20

Earl Warren

Answer 20

controversial Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1953-1969); he led the Court in far-reaching racial, social, and political rulings, including school desegregation and protecting rights of persons accused of crimes; presided over the Brown v. the Board of Education case

Question 21

Southern Manifesto

Answer 21

Argued the supreme court had engaged in a gross abuse of power in the brown decision and in order to uphold their rights in the face of such abuses of power, some southern states shut schools down rather than have them integrated

Question 22

Little Rock

Answer 22

National troops had to stand guard and protect black students entering Little Rock HS at the start of desegregation

Question 23

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer 23

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success

Question 24

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Answer 24

College kids participate in Civil Rights, stage sit-ins and such

Question 25

Suez Crisis

Answer 25

When Egyptian president Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, British, French, and Israeli forces staged a joint assault on Egypt, cutting off Western Europe's oil supply; when the United States, who had been kept in the dark about the plan, refused to release emergency oil supplies, the allies were compelled to withdraw troops and the United Nations was forced to intervene.

Question 26

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 26

the U.S. pledged economic and military aid to any Middle Eastern country threatened by communism

Question 27

Oil Embargo

Answer 27

banned both petroleum exports to the targeted nations and introduced cuts in oil production. Several years of negotiations between oil-producing nations and oil companies had already destabilized a decades-old pricing system, which exacerbated the embargo's effects

Question 28

Peace Corps

Answer 28

a civilian organization sponsored by the United States government

Question 29

Domino Theory

Answer 29

a theory prominent from the 1950s to the 1980s, that speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

Question 30

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Answer 30

Joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of "any force necessary" in Vietnam.

Question 31

Hawks

Answer 31

Nickname for the group of Americans who supported the Vietnam War.

Question 32

Doves

Answer 32

Nickname for the group of Americans who opposed the Vietnam War.

Question 33

Tet Offensive

Answer 33

1968, during Tet, the Vietnam lunar new year - Vietcong and North Vietnamese Army raiding forces attacked many major cities throughout Vietnam, even seizing the U.S. embassy for a time. This was important because it began turning U.S. opinion against the war, since it seemed an easy victory was not apparent.

Question 34

Richard Nixon

Answer 34

He was responsible for getting the United States out of the Vietnam War by using "Vietnamization", which was the withdrawal of 540,000 troops from South Vietnam for an extended period

Question 35

George Wallace

Answer 35

Racist governor of Alabama in 1962 ("segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"). He ran for President in 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of racism and "law and order," gaining a strong support in the Deep South even during the Civil Rights campaign.

Question 36

Hubert Humphrey

Answer 36

escalated the war in Vietnam and the failure to win the war was blamed on him. Had a great domestic policy called " The Great Society" and helped push for the passing of the civil rights act to end discrimination. He also issued all federal contractors to take "affirmative action" against discrimination

Question 37

Vietnamization

Answer 37

President Richard Nixon's strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

Question 38

Henry Kissinger

Answer 38

The main negotiator of the peace treaty with the North Vietnamese; secretary of state during Nixon's presidency.. Heavily involved in South American politics as National Security Advisor and Secretary of State. He denounced covert tactics to prevent communism and fascism from spreading throughout South America.

Question 39

Kent State

Answer 39

This college gained national attention on May 4, 1970 when an Ohio National Guard unit shot at students in response to war protests on and around campus, killing four and wounding nine. This event propagated intense national response as hundreds of schools closed due to an eight million student strike.

Question 40

Pentagon Papers

Answer 40

Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War

Question 41

War Powers Act

Answer 41

required the president to report to Congress within 48 hours after taking military action. It further provided that Congress would have to approve any military action that lasted more than 60 days

Question 42

Lyndon Johnson

Question 43

Great Society

Answer 43

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Question 44

War on Poverty

Answer 44

President Lyndon B. Johnson's program in the 1960's to provide greater social services for the poor and elderly

Question 45

Barry Goldwater

Answer 45

An American senator for Arizona who ran against Johnson for president in 1968. His extreme conservatism scared many into voting for Johnson.

Question 46

Medicare

Answer 46

a federal program that provides health coverage if you are 65 or older or have certain disability

Question 47

Medicaid

Answer 47

A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for low-income families.

Question 48

Immigration Act of 1965

Answer 48

Abolished the "national-origins" quota and doubled the number of immigrants allowed to enter annually. Allowed close family members to be excluded from the count. Immigration was largely from Asia and Latin America

Question 49

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Answer 49

Letter in which MLK preaches and explains civil disobedience "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere" Explained why blacks were discontented to "wait" and the meaning of the nonviolent protest.

Question 50

March on Washington

Answer 50

In August 1963, civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial.

Question 51

Civil Rights Act

Answer 51

This act banned discrimination in public accommodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, and outlawed discrimination in most employment. It also enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation. Along with the Voting Rights Act, it helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so equality could be realistically enforced.

Question 52

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Question 53

24th Amendment

Answer 53

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections.

Question 54

March to Montgomery

Question 55

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 55

invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it rboguth jobs, contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap

Question 56

Black Panthers

Answer 56

a militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites

Question 57

The Feminine Mystique

Answer 57

Classic feminist protest literature, written by Betty Friedan, that helped launch the modern women's movement; an indictment of the "stifling boredom" of suburban housewifery

Question 58

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Answer 58

Founded in 1966 by Betty Friedan, this women's right's organization called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women. NOW also championed the legalization of abortion and passage of an equal rights amendment to the Constitution.

Question 59

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Question 60

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 60

This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.

Question 61

Title IX

Question 62

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Question 63

Cesar Chavez

Answer 63

Non-violent leader of the United Farm Workers from 1963-1970. Organized laborers in California and in the Southwest to strike against fruit and vegetable growers. Unionized Mexican-American farm workers.

Question 64

United Farm Workers Association

Question 65

Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975

Question 66

Warren Court

Question 67

Students for a Democratic Society

Question 68

New Left

Question 69

Free Speech Movement

Answer 69

a student protest which took place during the 1964-65 academic year on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley

Question 70

Yippies

Answer 70

Youth International Party; anarchist party headed by Abbie Hoffman that opposed the Vietnam War & conformity; poured bags of dollars onto the New York Stock Exchange and carried pictures of LBJ upside down

Question 71

Counterculture

Answer 71

Young Americans in 60s who rejected conventional customs & mainstream culture and built their own subculture which deliberately and consciously opposed to certain central beliefs or attitudes of the dominant culture.

Question 72

Woodstock

Question 73

Three Mile Island

Answer 73

A nuclear plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979. After the incident at 3 mile Island, no new nuclear plants were authorized in the United States, though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s

Question 74

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Question 75

Clean Air Act

Answer 75

1970- law that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulations, which set air pollution standards for private industry.

Question 76

Clean Water Act

Answer 76

The primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution. The objective is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and nonpoint pollution sources