Period 4: 1800-1848 Flashcards
Louisiana Purchase
Monroe bought that area from french for 15mil
Strict Interpretation
Government can only do what is explicitly written
Loose Interpretation
Government can have a more loose interpretation of the Constitution
Judicial Review
Ability of the court to declare something a violation of the constitution
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established the principle of judicial review
McCulloch v. Maryland
States can’t tax branches of the federal gov.
Implied Powers
Powers that can be reasonably inferred
Era of Good Feelings
a period in American history from 1815 to 1824. It followed the Jeffersonian Era and preceded the Jacksonian Era. The Era of Good Feelings was marked by a sense of nationalism and patriotism following the War of 1812
Economic Nationalism
Political movement to support the growth of the young nation’s economy by subsidizing internal improvements and protecting US industries
Sectionalism
Restriction of interest to a national sphere
American System
- Federally funded internal improvements
- Federal tariffs
- 2nd bank of the US
Panic of 1819
1st US widespread financial crisis
Missouri Compromise
Missouri became a state but so did Maine to keep balance in the House of Representatives, any new states under the 36-30 line would be slave states, and above free states
War Hawks
Someone who favors war
Impressment
England taking US citizens off boats and forcing them into service
Nonintercourse Act
Permitted trade with places other than France and Britain
War of 1812
a military conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. The war was sparked by a variety of issues, including British interference with American trade and the impressment of American sailors by the British Navy
Monroe Doctrine
A warning for European powers to not interfere in the Western hemisphere
National Road
Erie Canal
an artificial waterway constructed between 1817–1825 to connect the Hudson River at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo, spanning over 350 miles across New York state. The canal’s completion was a major engineering feat of the early 19th century
Interchangeable Parts
a manufacturing system which uses standardized parts which are all identical and thus, interchangeable
Factory System
replaced the domestic system, using new technology and machinery to mass produce goods for the United States
Lowell System/Textle Mills/Unions
Textile factory system of the early 19th century that employed mainly young women [age 15-35] from New England farms to increase efficiency, productivity and profits. These textile mills provided dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor
Market Revolution
Marked americas transition from mainly agrarian society into a firmly capitatlist society
Spoils System
the political tactic of employing and promoting civil servants who are the supporters and friends of the group in power to office
Rotation in Office
the removal of officeholders of the rival party on democratic grounds
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Exchanged Native land that was a part of Georgia boundaries for land that was on the other side of the Missisippi River
Corrupt Bargain
A political scandal that arose when the Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, allegedly met with John Quincy Adams before the House election to break a deadlock. Adams was elected president against the popular vote and Clay was named Secretary of State
Tariff of 1828
raised taxes on imported manufactures so as to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing
Nullification Crisis
a political dispute between the Federal Government and the government of South Carolina over tariffs that were designed to protect manufacturers in the Northern states
Democrats
Jackson, resembled the Federalist Party under Hamilton
Whigs
Henry Clay, resembled the Democratic-Republicans under Jefferson
Oneida Community
Wanted to be a perfect society, the idea was everything was shared including children and spouses
Antebellum
Pre-Civil War
Romanticism
Championed emotional reality over/against rational reality
Transcendentalists
Artistic expression was more important than wealth, highly valued individualism and downplayed the importance of organized institutions
Second Great Awakening
A series of religious revivals among protestant Christians emphasized righteous living, personal restraint, and a strong moral rectitude that would lead a person and society to salvation
Temperance
Abstinence from drinking
Asylum Movement
Structure and discipline would bring about moral reform
Penitentiaries
New prisons in PA where prisoners were placed in solitary confinement to force them to reflect on sins and repent; high rate of prisoner suicides caused the end of the system
Common/Public School Movement
Reform movement started in the Jacksonian Era focused on the need for free public schools for children of all classes
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Leading feminists met in 1848 and issued a document closely modeled after the Declaration of Independence
Abolition
The movement to end slavery
Cult of Domesticity
Viewed women as moral leaders of the home to shape their childrens minds
Nat Turner
Rebelled against his masters and killed them, with him and other slaves killing 55 white people in total before being hung
Peculiar Institution
Slavery referred to as a “peculiar insitution” because some Whites were sensitive about how they treated other people
