Period 5: 1844-1877

Question 1

Manifest Destiny

Answer 1

The notion that Americans have a god-given right to have a nation that extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Question 2

Gold Rush (1848)

Answer 2

a period of rapid economic growth and expansion in California that started in 1848 with the discovery of gold

Question 3

Farming Frontier

Answer 3

Pioneer families moving west to start homesteads + begin farming (largely middle class)

Question 4

Urban Frontier

Answer 4

Western cities rising and attracting professionals and business owners

Question 5

Oregon Territory

Question 6

Texas

Question 6

James K. Polk

Answer 6

Firm believer in Manifest Destiny, wanted America to annex both Oregon & Texas + California

Question 7

Alamo

Question 8

Foreign Commerce

Question 9

Exports and Imports

Question 10

Mexican-American War

Question 11

California

Question 12

Nueces River

Question 13

Rio Grande

Question 14

Zachary Taylor

Question 15

Bear Flag Republic

Question 16

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question 17

Mexican Cession

Question 18

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 18

In 1846 David Wilmot proposed that an appropriations bill be amended to forbid slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico, it passed the House twice and was defeated in the Senate twice

Question 19

Ostend Manifesto

Answer 19

Franklin Pierce dispatched 3 American diplomats to Ostend, Belgium to secretly negotiate to buy Cuba from Spain, the agreement was leaked and called the Ostend Manifesto, and antislavery members of Congress forced Pierce to drop it

Question 20

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 20

Pierce bought a small strip of land from Mexico in 1853 for $10m. It laid on the best route for a railroad through the region, and it forms the southern parts of New Mexico and Arizona

Question 21

Free-Soil Movement

Answer 21

No slavery in the West in order to keep it “whites only”

Question 22

Free-Soil Party

Question 23

“Barnburners”

Answer 23

Antislavery Democrats, called this because their defection threatened to destroy the democratic party

Question 24

Popular Sovereignty

Question 25

Henry Clay

Answer 25

Proposed the Compromise of 1850

Question 26

Compromise of 1850

Answer 26

California free state, divided the rest of the Mexican cession into Utah and New Mexico, fugitive slave law, banned the slave trade in columbia but permitted whites to own enslaved people there as before, federal government assumed Texas public debt of $10m in exchange for giving the land in dispute between Texas and New Mexico to the new territories

Question 27

Industrial Technology

Answer 27

Industrialization of the 1840s, created shoes, sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and iron products for railroads, etc.

Question 28

Elias Howe

Answer 28

Invented the modern lockstitch sewing machine

Question 29

Samuel F. B. Morse

Answer 29

Contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on EU telegraphs

Question 30

Railroads

Question 31

Panic of 1857

Answer 31

Decrease in prices and an increase in unemployment in northern cities, cotton prices were still high, south was less affected so some believed their plantation economy was superior

Question 32

Nativism

Question 33

Irish

Question 34

Roman Catholic

Question 35

Germans

Question 36

Tammany Hall

Answer 36

Democratic organization Irish were excluded from

Question 37

Fugitive Slave Law

Question 38

Underground Railroad

Question 39

Harriet Tubman

Question 40

“Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 40

The era during which opposing political groups occupied Kansas

Question 41

Pottawatomie Creek

Answer 41

After proslavery forces attacked the free town of Lawrence, killing 2 and destroying homes and businesses, abolitionist John Brown and his sons attacked a proslavery farm at Pottawatomie Creek, killing 5

Question 42

Lecompton Constitution

Question 43

Stephan A. Douglas

Question 44

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 44

Essentially repealed the Missouri Compromise, as well as created Kansas and Nebraska

Question 45

Franklin Pierce

Answer 45

Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and enforced fugitive slave laws

Question 46

Know-Nothing Party

Answer 46

Nativist Party

Question 47

Republican Party

Question 48

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Question 49

Roger Taney

Answer 49

Chief Justice of the Dred Scott case, claimed Scott was still a slave under the 5th Amendment

Question 50

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Question 51

Abraham Lincoln

Question 52

House-Divided Speech

Question 53

Freeport Doctrine

Answer 53

Held that citizens of territories could ban slavery

Question 54

Sumner-Brooks Incident

Question 55

John Brown

Answer 55

Started an uprising of enslaved people in Virginia. His plan was to attack the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, and he and his band were captured after a 2-day siege. Brown was then convicted and hung

Question 56

Harpers Ferry

Question 57

John C. Breckenridge

Question 58

John Bell

Question 59

Secession

Question 60

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 60

Crittenden introduced legislation that would reinstate the Missouri Compromise line, forbid the abolition of slavery on federal land in slaveholding states, compensate owners for runaway slaves, and other amendments to support the institution of slavery

Question 61

Border States

Question 62

Fort Sumter

Answer 62

Lincoln announced that he was sending provisions of food to the small federal garrison adn gave South Carolina the choice to either permit it to hold out or opening fire. Carolina chose to fire and marked the start of the Civil War

Question 63

Confederate States of America

Question 64

Jefferson Davis

Question 65

Bull Run

Question 66

Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson

Question 67

Winfield Scott

Question 68

Anaconda Plan

Question 69

George B. McClellan

Question 70

Robert E. Lee

Question 71

Antietam

Question 72

Fredericksburg

Question 73

Ulysses S Grant

Question 74

Shiloh

Question 75

Gettysburg

Question 76

Sherman’s March

Question 77

William Tecumseh Sherman

Question 78

Appomattox Courthouse

Question 79

Trent Affair

Question 80

Greenbacks

Question 81

Morrill Tariff Act

Question 82

Morrill Land Grant Act

Question 83

Federal Land Grants

Question 84

Pacific Railway Act

Question 85

Homestead Act (1862)

Question 86

Habeas Corpus

Question 87

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 88

Copperheads

Question 89

Gettysburg Address

Question 90

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

Question 91

13th Amendment

Question 92

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Question 93

14th Amendment

Question 94

Equal Protection of the Laws

Question 95

Due Process of the Law

Question 96

15th Amendment

Answer 96

Prevents states from prohibiting right to vote based on race

Question 97

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Question 98

William Tweed

Question 99

Spoilsmen

Question 100

Patronage

Question 101

Thomas Nast

Question 102

Horace Greeley

Question 103

Panic of 1873

Question 104

Reconstruction

Question 105

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Question 106

Andred Johnson

Question 107

Freedmen’s Bureau

Question 108

Liberal Republicans

Question 109

Charles Sumner

Question 110

Tenure of Office Act

Question 111

Impeachment

Question 112

Carpetbaggers

Question 113

Women’s Suffrage

Question 114

Hiram Revels

Question 115

Blanche K. Bruce

Question 116

Rutherford B. Hayes

Answer 116

Governor of Ohio (Republican)

Question 117

Samuel J. Tilden

Answer 117

New York’s reform governor (democrat)

Question 118

Election of 1876

Question 119

Compromise of 1877

Answer 119

Withdrawl of troops from the South in order for Hayes to become President

Question 120

Sharecropping

Answer 120

System based on tenancy where the landlord provided the seed and supplies in return for a share of the harvest