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APUSH > Period 5: 1844-1877 > Flashcards

Period 5: 1844-1877 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

The notion that Americans have a god-given right to have a nation that extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific

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2
Q

Gold Rush (1848)

A

a period of rapid economic growth and expansion in California that started in 1848 with the discovery of gold

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3
Q

Farming Frontier

A

Pioneer families moving west to start homesteads + begin farming (largely middle class)

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4
Q

Urban Frontier

A

Western cities rising and attracting professionals and business owners

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5
Q

Oregon Territory

A
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6
Q

Texas

A
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6
Q

James K. Polk

A

Firm believer in Manifest Destiny, wanted America to annex both Oregon & Texas + California

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7
Q

Alamo

A
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8
Q

Foreign Commerce

A
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9
Q

Exports and Imports

A
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10
Q

Mexican-American War

A
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11
Q

California

A
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12
Q

Nueces River

A
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13
Q

Rio Grande

A
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14
Q

Zachary Taylor

A
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15
Q

Bear Flag Republic

A
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16
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A
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17
Q

Mexican Cession

A
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18
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

In 1846 David Wilmot proposed that an appropriations bill be amended to forbid slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico, it passed the House twice and was defeated in the Senate twice

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19
Q

Ostend Manifesto

A

Franklin Pierce dispatched 3 American diplomats to Ostend, Belgium to secretly negotiate to buy Cuba from Spain, the agreement was leaked and called the Ostend Manifesto, and antislavery members of Congress forced Pierce to drop it

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20
Q

Gadsden Purchase

A

Pierce bought a small strip of land from Mexico in 1853 for $10m. It laid on the best route for a railroad through the region, and it forms the southern parts of New Mexico and Arizona

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21
Q

Free-Soil Movement

A

No slavery in the West in order to keep it “whites only”

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22
Q

Free-Soil Party

A
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23
Q

“Barnburners”

A

Antislavery Democrats, called this because their defection threatened to destroy the democratic party

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24
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A
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25
Q

Henry Clay

A

Proposed the Compromise of 1850

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26
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

California free state, divided the rest of the Mexican cession into Utah and New Mexico, fugitive slave law, banned the slave trade in columbia but permitted whites to own enslaved people there as before, federal government assumed Texas public debt of $10m in exchange for giving the land in dispute between Texas and New Mexico to the new territories

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27
Q

Industrial Technology

A

Industrialization of the 1840s, created shoes, sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and iron products for railroads, etc.

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28
Q

Elias Howe

A

Invented the modern lockstitch sewing machine

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29
Q

Samuel F. B. Morse

A

Contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on EU telegraphs

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30
Q

Railroads

A
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31
Q

Panic of 1857

A

Decrease in prices and an increase in unemployment in northern cities, cotton prices were still high, south was less affected so some believed their plantation economy was superior

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32
Q

Nativism

A
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33
Q

Irish

A
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34
Q

Roman Catholic

A
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35
Q

Germans

A
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36
Q

Tammany Hall

A

Democratic organization Irish were excluded from

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37
Q

Fugitive Slave Law

A
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38
Q

Underground Railroad

A
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39
Q

Harriet Tubman

A
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40
Q

“Bleeding Kansas”

A

The era during which opposing political groups occupied Kansas

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41
Q

Pottawatomie Creek

A

After proslavery forces attacked the free town of Lawrence, killing 2 and destroying homes and businesses, abolitionist John Brown and his sons attacked a proslavery farm at Pottawatomie Creek, killing 5

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42
Q

Lecompton Constitution

A
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43
Q

Stephan A. Douglas

A
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44
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Essentially repealed the Missouri Compromise, as well as created Kansas and Nebraska

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45
Q

Franklin Pierce

A

Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and enforced fugitive slave laws

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46
Q

Know-Nothing Party

A

Nativist Party

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47
Q

Republican Party

A
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48
Q

Dred Scott v. Sandford

A
49
Q

Roger Taney

A

Chief Justice of the Dred Scott case, claimed Scott was still a slave under the 5th Amendment

50
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A
51
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A
52
Q

House-Divided Speech

A
53
Q

Freeport Doctrine

A

Held that citizens of territories could ban slavery

54
Q

Sumner-Brooks Incident

A
55
Q

John Brown

A

Started an uprising of enslaved people in Virginia. His plan was to attack the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, and he and his band were captured after a 2-day siege. Brown was then convicted and hung

56
Q

Harpers Ferry

A
57
Q

John C. Breckenridge

A
58
Q

John Bell

A
59
Q

Secession

A
60
Q

Crittenden Compromise

A

Crittenden introduced legislation that would reinstate the Missouri Compromise line, forbid the abolition of slavery on federal land in slaveholding states, compensate owners for runaway slaves, and other amendments to support the institution of slavery

61
Q

Border States

A
62
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Lincoln announced that he was sending provisions of food to the small federal garrison adn gave South Carolina the choice to either permit it to hold out or opening fire. Carolina chose to fire and marked the start of the Civil War

63
Q

Confederate States of America

A
64
Q

Jefferson Davis

A
65
Q

Bull Run

A
66
Q

Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson

A
67
Q

Winfield Scott

A
68
Q

Anaconda Plan

A
69
Q

George B. McClellan

A
70
Q

Robert E. Lee

A
71
Q

Antietam

A
72
Q

Fredericksburg

A
73
Q

Ulysses S Grant

A
74
Q

Shiloh

A
75
Q

Gettysburg

A
76
Q

Sherman’s March

A
77
Q

William Tecumseh Sherman

A
78
Q

Appomattox Courthouse

A
79
Q

Trent Affair

A
80
Q

Greenbacks

A
81
Q

Morrill Tariff Act

A
82
Q

Morrill Land Grant Act

A
83
Q

Federal Land Grants

A
84
Q

Pacific Railway Act

A
85
Q

Homestead Act (1862)

A
86
Q

Habeas Corpus

A
87
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A
88
Q

Copperheads

A
89
Q

Gettysburg Address

A
90
Q

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

A
91
Q

13th Amendment

A
92
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A
93
Q

14th Amendment

A
94
Q

Equal Protection of the Laws

A
95
Q

Due Process of the Law

A
96
Q

15th Amendment

A

Prevents states from prohibiting right to vote based on race

97
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A
98
Q

William Tweed

A
99
Q

Spoilsmen

A
100
Q

Patronage

A
101
Q

Thomas Nast

A
102
Q

Horace Greeley

A
103
Q

Panic of 1873

A
104
Q

Reconstruction

A
105
Q

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

A
106
Q

Andred Johnson

A
107
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A
108
Q

Liberal Republicans

A
109
Q

Charles Sumner

A
110
Q

Tenure of Office Act

A
111
Q

Impeachment

A
112
Q

Carpetbaggers

A
113
Q

Women’s Suffrage

A
114
Q

Hiram Revels

A
115
Q

Blanche K. Bruce

A
116
Q

Rutherford B. Hayes

A

Governor of Ohio (Republican)

117
Q

Samuel J. Tilden

A

New York’s reform governor (democrat)

118
Q

Election of 1876

A
119
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Withdrawl of troops from the South in order for Hayes to become President

120
Q

Sharecropping

A

System based on tenancy where the landlord provided the seed and supplies in return for a share of the harvest

APUSH (8 decks)

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