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APUSH > Period 5: 1844-1877 > Flashcards

Period 5: 1844-1877 Flashcards

1
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

The notion that Americans have a god-given right to have a nation that extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific

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2
Q

Gold Rush (1848)

A

a period of rapid economic growth and expansion in California that started in 1848 with the discovery of gold

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3
Q

Farming Frontier

A

Pioneer families moving west to start homesteads + begin farming (largely middle class)

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4
Q

Urban Frontier

A

Western cities rising and attracting professionals and business owners

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5
Q

Oregon Territory

A
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6
Q

Texas

A
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6
Q

James K. Polk

A

Firm believer in Manifest Destiny, wanted America to annex both Oregon & Texas + California

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7
Q

Alamo

A
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8
Q

Foreign Commerce

A
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9
Q

Exports and Imports

A
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10
Q

Mexican-American War

A
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11
Q

California

A
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12
Q

Nueces River

A
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13
Q

Rio Grande

A
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14
Q

Zachary Taylor

A
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15
Q

Bear Flag Republic

A
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16
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A
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17
Q

Mexican Cession

A
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18
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

In 1846 David Wilmot proposed that an appropriations bill be amended to forbid slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico, it passed the House twice and was defeated in the Senate twice

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19
Q

Ostend Manifesto

A

Franklin Pierce dispatched 3 American diplomats to Ostend, Belgium to secretly negotiate to buy Cuba from Spain, the agreement was leaked and called the Ostend Manifesto, and antislavery members of Congress forced Pierce to drop it

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20
Q

Gadsden Purchase

A

Pierce bought a small strip of land from Mexico in 1853 for $10m. It laid on the best route for a railroad through the region, and it forms the southern parts of New Mexico and Arizona

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21
Q

Free-Soil Movement

A

No slavery in the West in order to keep it “whites only”

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22
Q

Free-Soil Party

A
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23
Q

“Barnburners”

A

Antislavery Democrats, called this because their defection threatened to destroy the democratic party

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24
Popular Sovereignty
25
Henry Clay
Proposed the Compromise of 1850
26
Compromise of 1850
California free state, divided the rest of the Mexican cession into Utah and New Mexico, fugitive slave law, banned the slave trade in columbia but permitted whites to own enslaved people there as before, federal government assumed Texas public debt of $10m in exchange for giving the land in dispute between Texas and New Mexico to the new territories
27
Industrial Technology
Industrialization of the 1840s, created shoes, sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and iron products for railroads, etc.
28
Elias Howe
Invented the modern lockstitch sewing machine
29
Samuel F. B. Morse
Contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on EU telegraphs
30
Railroads
31
Panic of 1857
Decrease in prices and an increase in unemployment in northern cities, cotton prices were still high, south was less affected so some believed their plantation economy was superior
32
Nativism
33
Irish
34
Roman Catholic
35
Germans
36
Tammany Hall
Democratic organization Irish were excluded from
37
Fugitive Slave Law
38
Underground Railroad
39
Harriet Tubman
40
"Bleeding Kansas"
The era during which opposing political groups occupied Kansas
41
Pottawatomie Creek
After proslavery forces attacked the free town of Lawrence, killing 2 and destroying homes and businesses, abolitionist John Brown and his sons attacked a proslavery farm at Pottawatomie Creek, killing 5
42
Lecompton Constitution
43
Stephan A. Douglas
44
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Essentially repealed the Missouri Compromise, as well as created Kansas and Nebraska
45
Franklin Pierce
Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and enforced fugitive slave laws
46
Know-Nothing Party
Nativist Party
47
Republican Party
48
Dred Scott v. Sandford
49
Roger Taney
Chief Justice of the Dred Scott case, claimed Scott was still a slave under the 5th Amendment
50
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
51
Abraham Lincoln
52
House-Divided Speech
53
Freeport Doctrine
Held that citizens of territories could ban slavery
54
Sumner-Brooks Incident
55
John Brown
Started an uprising of enslaved people in Virginia. His plan was to attack the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, and he and his band were captured after a 2-day siege. Brown was then convicted and hung
56
Harpers Ferry
57
John C. Breckenridge
58
John Bell
59
Secession
60
Crittenden Compromise
Crittenden introduced legislation that would reinstate the Missouri Compromise line, forbid the abolition of slavery on federal land in slaveholding states, compensate owners for runaway slaves, and other amendments to support the institution of slavery
61
Border States
62
Fort Sumter
Lincoln announced that he was sending provisions of food to the small federal garrison adn gave South Carolina the choice to either permit it to hold out or opening fire. Carolina chose to fire and marked the start of the Civil War
63
Confederate States of America
64
Jefferson Davis
65
Bull Run
66
Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson
67
Winfield Scott
68
Anaconda Plan
69
George B. McClellan
70
Robert E. Lee
71
Antietam
72
Fredericksburg
73
Ulysses S Grant
74
Shiloh
75
Gettysburg
76
Sherman's March
77
William Tecumseh Sherman
78
Appomattox Courthouse
79
Trent Affair
80
Greenbacks
81
Morrill Tariff Act
82
Morrill Land Grant Act
83
Federal Land Grants
84
Pacific Railway Act
85
Homestead Act (1862)
86
Habeas Corpus
87
Emancipation Proclamation
88
Copperheads
89
Gettysburg Address
90
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
91
13th Amendment
92
Civil Rights Act of 1866
93
14th Amendment
94
Equal Protection of the Laws
95
Due Process of the Law
96
15th Amendment
Prevents states from prohibiting right to vote based on race
97
Civil Rights Act of 1875
98
William Tweed
99
Spoilsmen
100
Patronage
101
Thomas Nast
102
Horace Greeley
103
Panic of 1873
104
Reconstruction
105
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
106
Andred Johnson
107
Freedmen's Bureau
108
Liberal Republicans
109
Charles Sumner
110
Tenure of Office Act
111
Impeachment
112
Carpetbaggers
113
Women's Suffrage
114
Hiram Revels
115
Blanche K. Bruce
116
Rutherford B. Hayes
Governor of Ohio (Republican)
117
Samuel J. Tilden
New York’s reform governor (democrat)
118
Election of 1876
119
Compromise of 1877
Withdrawl of troops from the South in order for Hayes to become President
120
Sharecropping
System based on tenancy where the landlord provided the seed and supplies in return for a share of the harvest

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