Period 3: 1754-1800 Flashcards
The Seven Year’s War (King Phillips War) (French & Indian War)
Fought between the French and British. Although the war started in America, it moved to Europe and became part of the Seven Years’ War. During the French and Indian War, the British hoped to stop French expansion on the American continent
Albany Plan of Union
Called for a more centralized government for the colonies, whihc would in turn enable them to mount a more coordinated effort for western defense, but the taxation required for raising the truce for such a plan was too high and the plan was rejected– though it did lay the foundation for the future Revolutionary Congress
Pontiac’s Rebellion
An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed
Proclamation of 1763
Forbade colonists from taking land in the Ohio River Valley aka west of the Appalachian Mountains
Stamp Act Congress
The first convention called for by the American Colonies. Its purpose was to discuss a unified response to the Stamp Act. The result of this meeting was a formal petition to the British parliament to repeal the Stamp Act.
Intolerable Acts
The American Patriots’ name for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea party. They were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in throwing a large tea shipment into Boston harbor
Sugar Act
Imposed taxes on coffee, wine, and other luxury items
Quartering Act (1765)
Even thought the war was over, imperial troops would remain in the American colonies in order to enforce all of these new rules. This act required the colonists to provide food, shelter, and other supplies to British soldiers stationed in the colonies
Stamp Act (1765)
A tax on all paper items including newspaper, playing cards, contracts, etc.
Declaratory Act
Stated Britain had the right to pass any law that they wanted to in the colonies, passed after the repeal of the Stamp & Sugar Acts.
Coercive Acts
Closed down the Boston harbor until all the tea was payed for
Social Contract
The power to govern is in the hands of the people and they willingly give over some of that power to create a government capable of protecting their natural rights
Natural Rights
All human beings are endowed with certain right by God and not a government and therefore a government can’t take thema way
First Continental Congress
Group of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies who met in Philadelphia in 1774 to determine a course of action in response to the Intolerable Acts. They demanded that the Acts be repealed and that the crown recognize the rights of the colonists
Second Continental Congress
a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun
Olive Branch Petition
the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances
Declaration of Independence
A formal document in which the Continental Congress representing the American colonies detailed its reasons for breaking political bonds with Great Britain. The document was drafted by Thomas Jefferson
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point that convinced France for side with America
Republican Motherhood
the idea that gave women more purpose to educate and nurture the future of america. It was the women’s new job to educate and instill republican ideals in the young minds of the youth
Articles of Confederation
the first constitution of the United States, and they established a loose confederation of states with a weak central government
Shay’s Rebellion
A series of armed protests that occurred in Massachusetts between 1786 and 1787, led by a veteran of the Revolutionary War, Daniel Shays. The rebellion was sparked by economic grievances, particularly by the heavy debt and high taxes faced by farmers and smallholders in the state. The rebellion set the stage for George Washington’s return to political life and highlighted weaknesses inherent within the Articles of Confederation.
Federalists
advocates of a strong national government and a broad interpretation of powers granted to the Federal Government by the United States Constitution
Anti-Federalists
those who favored the Constitution and wanted a strong central government. Anti Federalists wanted a weak central government and more power to the people and opposed the ratification of the Constitution
Federalist Papers
a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. They were published in various New York newspapers under the pseudonym “Publius” between October 1787 and August 1788
Federalism
a system where political power is divided between a central (national) government and smaller government units called states or provinces
Checks and Balances
the principle of government under which separate branches are employed to prevent actions by the other branches and are induced to share power
Constitutional Convention
delegates met to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation. Significance: This meeting led to the creation of the Constitution of the united states
Virginia Plan
was presented to the Constitutional Convention and proposed the creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in both houses proportional to population
New Jersey Plan
was proposed by William Paterson and others from the state of New Jersey: It called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state. The national government would have a limited role and would not be able to regulate commerce, collect taxes, or enforce laws
Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise)
An agreement between large and small states that defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the U.S. const.
House of Representatives
one of the two parts of congress, considered the “lower house.” representatives are elected directly by the people, with the number of representatives for each state determined by the state’s population; Virginia Plan
Three-Fifths Compromise (1787)
Determined that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation
Bill of Rights
the first ten amendments, were added after its ratification as an addition to the main document which guarantees the protection of citizens’ rights, freedom of speech, religion, press, and other rights
National Bank
A national bank is a financial institution chartered and regulated by the federal government. In the context of US history, it refers to two banks established in the early 19th century, which were instrumental in managing the country’s finances
Democratic-Republican Party
Alien and Sedition Act
Raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized the President to deport aliens and permitted their arrest, imprisonment, and deportation during wartime
Kentucky and Virginia Resolution
These resolutions were secretly made to get the rights back taken away by the Alien and Sedition Acts. These laws took away freedom of speech and press guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair (1797-1798) involved an American peace delegation in France, three agents of the French Foreign Minister (labeled as X, Y, and Z in President John Adams’ initial communications with Congress), and the French Foreign Minister’s demand for a bribe from the American delegation
Cotton Gin
It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Resulted in more cotton production and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields
Elastic Clause
Says that Congress has to right to make any law that is necessary and proper in order to carry on it’s responsibilities
