Period 3: 1754-1800 Flashcards
French and Indian War
1754-1763
Over Ohio River Valley - trade/settlement
French build forts - Fort Duquesne - friendly with Indians
English Gov. Dunwittie has stock in Ohio Land Company - send George Washington to expel French
British declare war
Albany Plan of Union
1754
for defense - fails and shows disunity of colonies
Writs of assistance
1761
search warrants to enforce Navigation Acts
James Otis opposes
Treaty of Paris
1763
ends French and Indian War
French lose all territory
Paxton Boys Rebellion
1763
dissatisfied west of the Appalachians
Pontiac’s Rebellion
1763
tribes organize against British
Salutory Neglect
ends 1763
Admiralty Courts
royal courts that were paid for convictions
colonists oppose
Sugar Act
1764
raise revenue - England in debt
cut Molasses Act in half
objection - first direct tax - “No taxation without representation”
Currency Acts
1764
prevents printing of colonial money
Stamp Act
1765
tax on printed materials to “keep troops in colonies”
colonists don’t want standing army
Sons of Liberty enforce non-importation
Stamp Act Congress
1765
Protests Stamp Act
we buy only from England, we deserve equal privileges
Quartering Act
1766
colonies must support troops
The Townshend Acts
1767
tax lead, paint, paper, glass, tea
colonies react by non-importation, Samuel Adams Circular letter
Governor of MA suspends legislature
Boston Massacre
1770
Boston Massacre
1770
Golden Hill Massacre
1770
NY
Committees of Correspondence
1772 organized by Samuel Adams
Gaspee Incident
1772
British ship burned
attempted to collect taxes
Tea Act
1773
reduces price to tea - gives England monopoly
Boston Tea Party
1773
dump tea into sea
Intolerable Acts
1774
to punish Boston
Boston Port Act - closes ports
MA Government Act - no town meetings, no trial by jury, Quartering Act
Quebec Act - Quebec added to Ohio River Valley - supports people in Quebec Catholic, no trial by jury, no election
First Continental Congress
1774
convenes in Philadelphia
Moderate - don’t want to split
demand rights of Englishmen
Joseph Galloway - Plan of Union - council with delegates from colonies, president by Crown - rejected
Declaration of RIghts and Resolves - reject Intolerable Acts, ultimatum - no trade
Establish Continental Association to enforce
Battles of Lexington and Concord
1775
Second Continental Congress
1775
More radical
Issued “Declaration of Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms”
Appoint George Washington as commander
Olive Branch Petition - last attempt to reconcile - rejected
R.H. Lee’s Resolution
1776
“should be independent states”
American Declaration of Independence
1776
Common Sense
1776 Thomas Paine
Battles of Long Island and Trenton
1776
Battle of Saratoga
1777
turning point in Revolution
Articles of Confederation
1777
Congress adopts
Dickinson
Independent, free, sovereign states
Have same duties and restrictions
each state one vote
individual states can’t enter into alliances with foreign states
can’t enter alliance or holds treaties without consent of Congress
Union for defense
Delegates appointed annually
Freedom of speech and debate
Can’t wage war without consent
Money in treasury depends on value of land
Can’t control trade
Vermont ends slavery
1777
first state to do so
Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France
1778
sends navy and army
Spain declares war on England
1779
British surrender
1781
Yorktown
Cornwallis looses
Treaty of Peace
1783 signed - violated - Articles of Confederation weak
Independence recognized
Granted fishing rights
Loyalist restitution of property
Britain withdraw from forts (Not really)
Free Navigation of Mississippi
Land Ordinance of 1785
1785
government responsible over territory
Treaty of Hopewell
1785
ends hostilities with Cherokee
Shay’s Rebellion
1786
depression, no market, no hard currency, farmers poor
want MA Government to print more money
rebellion put down by donations - Articles of Confederation fails - no army
Annapolis Convention
1786
agreement between states - fails
Constitutional Convention
1787
Philadelphia
revise Articles
House of Representatives - sole power to impeach, bill for revenue
Senate - try impeachments
Congress - tax, excese, duties, commerce regulation, declare war, raise army
Executive - commander, make treaties with consent, appoint judges
Supreme Court - original jurisdiction
Protection against invasion, domestic and foreign
2/3 of both houses to amend constitution
Great Compromise
1787
bi-cameral legislature (equality in Senate, popular in House)
3/5 Compromise
1787
No importation of slaves after 1808
1787
US Constitution
1787
James Madison
Northwest Ordinance
1787
prohibits slavery in west, provides for states to be admitted on equal status
George Washington
inaugurated 1789 as first President
Judiciary Act
1787
establish courts beneath Supreme Court
French Revolution
1789
don’t help French
Bill of Rights
1791 ratified
1. Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly
2. Right to keep and bear arms
3. No quartering without consent
4. Against search and seizure
5. Not subjected to same offense twice, be deprived of life. liberty, or property
6. Right to speedy trial
7. Guaranteed trial by jury
8. No excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment
9. Rights not confined to what is written
10. Powers not delegated to US are reserved to states
First Bank of United States
1791 established
Hamilton’s Program
1791
debt is good
tie interests of rich
promote home manufacturing
alliance with Britain
Cotton Gin
1793
invented by Eli Whitney
Whiskey Rebellion
1794
poor farmers don’t want to pay excise tax
Washington uses troops to put down
Jay Treaty
1795
with Britain
US will not trade with ports opened during war time that were closed during peace time - Britain will leave forts (Not really) and will allow US to trade in Asia
Pickney’s Treaty
1795
with Spain
free navigation of Mississippi River, right of deposit in New Orleans
Washington Farewell Address
1796
strong central government and foreign neutrality
Election 1796
John Adams elected (Federalist)
Jefferson VP
XYZ Affair
1796
France attacks American ships and makes unreasonable demands - no money, no war
Alien and Sedition Acts
1789
illegal to publish anything against government or president
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
1789-1799
gave states right to nullify in unconstitutional - anti-Alien and Sedition Acts
Fries Uprising
1799
oppose federal tax on property - put down
Logan Act
1799
citizen can’t represent government
George Logan attempts to negotiate with France