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APUSH > Period 2: 1607 - 1754 > Flashcards

Period 2: 1607 - 1754 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Catalyst for English colonization

A

Defeat of Spanish armada in 1588

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2
Q

Types of colonies

A

Corporate: operated by joint-stock companies, Jamestown
Royal: under direct authority and rule of king’s gov., Virginia
Proprietary: under authority of individuals granted charters by king, Maryland and Pennsylvania

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3
Q

Joint-Stock Companies

A

stockholders invest in a company and share in the potential profits of losses from the colony so lowered risk; corporate colony

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4
Q

Colonial Virginia (Jamestown), John Smith

A

King James I chartered the Virginia Co. to found Jamestown, the first English colony in America; motive was $; rich dudes died in beginning then John Smith came in and est. discipline and saved the colony, said that “he who deos not work, shall not eat”; was est. a royal made a proprietorship then royal again bc failing

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5
Q

John Rolfe

A

Gave Jamestown tobacco

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6
Q

Plymouth

A

Religious motivation bc of Protestant Reformation, English Protestant Separatists (Pilgrims) came over on Mayflower; economy rested on fish, fur, lumber

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7
Q

Massachusetts Bay

A

Wanted to purify not separate completely from Church of England (Puritans), led by John Winthrop’s ideal of the “City Upon a Hill”, war in England caused Great Migration; all Puritan men could participate in elections

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8
Q

Jamestown politics

A

representation like that in England, org. first representative assembly in America, House of Burgesses

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9
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Pilgrims pledged to make decisions by will of majority

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10
Q

Maryland, Lord Baltimore, Cecil Calvert, Act of Toleration

A

was set to be Catholic haven, Calvert passed the Act of Toleration to give religious freedom to all Christians but killed everyone who denied Jesus, Protestants later got the Act repealed

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11
Q

Indentured Servents

A

young ppl from Britain agreed to work for a couple years in exchange for house and board, so like better white slavery

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12
Q

Headright system

A

Virginia attempted to attract immigrants through offering 50 acres of land to each immigrant who came over and any plantation owner who paid for someone’s passage, rich get richer

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13
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion, Nathaniel Bacon

A 
Growing frustration w/ lack of land (Gov. Berkeley didn't want too much W. movement to avoid clashes w/ Natives) and w/ lack of political power (House of Burgesses dominated by plantation elite) and wanted gov. to do something about Native attacks so Nathaniel Bacon and the farmers attack a bunch of stuff and then Bacon dies of dysentery ruining the whole thing; showed class divisions and colonial restentment to royal control
IMPACT: transition to African chattel slavery
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14
Q

Roger Williams, Rhode Island

A

advocated separation of church and state and got banished from Massachusetts Bay so founded Rhode Island which recognized Native rights and allowed freedom of religion

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15
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

believed in antinomianism, idea that faith alone and not deeds is needed for salvation and got kicked out of Bay colony so founded Portsmouth that later became part of Rhode Island

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16
Q

Halfway Covenant

A

To be a Puritan you needed to feel a religious ‘conversion’ but less ppl were feeling that so this was passed to allow ppl to become partial church members even if they didn’t feel the conversion

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17
Q

King Philip’s War

A

Metacom (King Philip) united many tribes against the English who were constantly encroaching on their lands, colonial forces won and ended major Native resistance in New England

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18
Q

South Carlolina

A

cash crop (rice) plantation economy, wealthy aristocratic elite and African slave labor

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19
Q

North Carolina

A

lil different from S. Carolina, mostly characterized by small tobacco farms and less reliance on slavery

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20
Q

Georgia, James Oglethorpe

A

last est. colony, intended as buffer colony against Spanish and French threat, penal colony for debtors

21
Q

Pennsylvania, Quakers, William Penn,

A

Quakers! est. by William Penn as “The Holy Experiment” as a religious refuge for the friendly Quakers, treated Natives fairly

22
Q

New England colonies

A

religious motives for colonization, male and female settlers, tight knit communities and mixed economy

23
Q

New England Confederation

A

military alliance intended to defend the New England colonies against potential threats

24
Q

Middle Colonies (breadbasket)

A

New York started as Dutch New Amserdam and was ethnically diverse, William Penn’s Pennsylvania for Quakers
Overall demographically, religiously, and ethnically diverse

25
Q

Mercantilism

A

colonies exist to benefit mother country

26
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

England had its own shit to deal with so left colonies alone for a while

27
Q

Navigation Acts

A

Policies of mercantilism England implemented for some control over colonies: 1. Trade carrried only in English or colonial ships 2. Trade had to pass through English ports 3. Certain ‘enumerated’ goods like tobacco could only be exported to England
Loose enforcement and smuggling happened

28
Q

Dominion of New England, Sir Edmund Andros

A

implemented to increase royal control over the colonies, Sir Edmund Andros appointed as gov. and was v unpopular bc he enforced the Navigation Act and limited town meetings, ended w/ the Glorious Revolution

29
Q

Why was slavery favorable

A

Reduced migration from England to provide indentured servants, dependable workforce bc they can’t get out like indentured servants, cheap labor that allowed lower crop prices

30
Q

Triangular trade

A

Royal African Company first taking rum to W. Africa from new England then trading it for ppl then the journey of the Middle Passage to the Caribbean to sell slaves to sugarcane producing W. Indies then ship would return to New England where the sugar would be used to make rum and it would start over agian

31
Q

Why did immigrants come over

A

religious persecution and economic opportunity

32
Q

Where did most immigrants settle

A

Middle colonies and S.W.

33
Q

Most abundant immigrants

A

Scots Irish who settled along the frontier bc of potato famine

34
Q

Shared characteristics of colonial societies

A

self government, religious toleration, no hereditary aristocracy, social mobility

35
Q

New England economy

A

small farms bc rocky soil so profited from legging, ship building, fishing, trading, rum

36
Q

Middle Colonies economy

A

rich soil allowed wheat and corn production from indentured servant labor

37
Q

Southern Colonies economy

A

most ppl lived on small farms but were few huge plantations w/ slaves that produced tobacco in Chesapeake, timber in Carolinas and rice in Gerogie

38
Q

Southern Plantation colonies

A

male dominated, warmer climate, defined hierarchy of wealth and status, cash crop plantation economy, labor transition from indentured servants to slavery after Bacon’s rebellion

39
Q

Reasons for transition to slavery

A

abundance of land, shortage of indentured servants, no way to enslave natives, European demand for colonial goods

40
Q

Stono Rebellion (1739)

A

In S. Carolina, largest slave revolt, tried to get to Spanish Florida where they were promised freedom and rebellion was defeated and led to stricter slave regulations

41
Q

Resistance to slavery

A

work slowdowns, running away, faking illness

42
Q

Great Awakening

A

religious revival in the 1730s-40s that spread throughout the colonies

43
Q

Jonathan Edwards (Great Awakening)

A

Sparks Great Awakening by saying God was angry at human sinfulness and that ppl could be saved through penitence; “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

44
Q

George Whitefield (Great Awakening)

A

Spread Great Awakening throughout colonies w/ powerful preaching

45
Q

New Lights v. Old Lights

A

Supporters of Great Awakening v. those condemning its ideas

46
Q

Impact of Great Awakening

A

New universities formed like the Ivies, greater religious independence and diversity, strengthened calls for separation of church and state bc more religions, 1st mass movement shared amongst colonists, changed the way ppl viewed authority bc if ppl could make their own religious decisions, they could make their own political ones too right?

47
Q

Zenger case

A

(1733) advanced freedom of the press; Zenger printed newspaper critical of royal gov. of NY and was charged w/ libel but jury rules not guilty so now courts ruled that you could be critical of elected officials if the statements were true

48
Q

The Enlightenment, John Locke

A

European movement in literature and philosophy for more push towards human reason
John Locke said humans have natural birthed rights and sovereignty resides w/ ppl and not the state so was v important in American Revolution rationale

APUSH (11 decks)

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