Period 1: 1491 - 1607 Flashcards
Southwest settlements: Hokoham, Anasazi, Pueblos
Lived in multifaceted societies complete w/ farming and irrigation!!!, often lived in cave settlements, were basically gone by the time the Europeans came
Great Plains Indians: Lakota Sioux, Aoaches
Sedentary ppls that relied on farming/ nomadic ppls that depended on buffalo, were able to better follow buffalo and were stronger militarily when they got horses from the Spanish
Cahokia
Largest N. American city prior to European arrival dominated by Monks Mound and was mostly abandoned bc of the “Little Ice Age”
Christopher Columbus
In 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue! he received backing from Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain for 3 ships and found what his dumb ass thought was the shortest route to Asia, but he is v important bc he started global interaction of ppls
Columbian Exchange
Transfer of goods, people, animals, plants and diseases that began after Columbus’s voyage. Europeans got potatoes, corn, tobacco and syphilis while Americans got sugar, horses, guns, and smallpox that pretty much killed them all
Primogeniture
Practice of bestowing all land to eldest son
Encomienda System
Spanish crown granted colonists authority over a specific number of natives; the colonist was obliged to protect those natives’ labor. Basically like Spanish slavery of Natives. Is eventually replaced by African slavery bc the Indians were not immune on diseases and could run away bc knew the land while Africans were easily identified
Impact of maize cultivation
Very popular in the S.W. and societies developed vast irrigation systems (Pueblos in the Rio Grande)
How did maize transform societies?
Less emphasis on hunting and gathering, increase in population, and est. of permanent and socially diverse societies like Tenochtitlan
Chinooks
Advocated warrior traditions, used advanced fighting techniques, and lived in longhouses that could house many families
Reasons for European exploration
3 G’s: Glory, Gold, Gospel
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
Europe and Asia: massive population increase bc new food, decrease in feudalism and rise in capitalism
Africa: Spanish and Portuguese used W. Africans as slaves
Americas: smallpox and measles killed Indians, Mestizo mixed culture, hoses made hunting easier, Encomienda system
Treatment of natives, Juan de Sepulveda, Bartolome de Las Casas, Black Legend
Natives wanted political, economic, and religious autonomy while Europeans thought of them as savages. Juan de Sepulveda said that harsh slavery was justified by Christianity while Bartolome de Las Casas argued that the Natives deserved equal treatment and he helped to end the Encomienda System through the New Laws of 1542, and the ‘Black Legend’ (historical demonizing of Spain)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
Spain got all lands W. of the line of demarcation and Portugal got all those to the E., and Portugal got Brazil
French were friends w/ Natives
Fur and fighting, beavers, Champlain gets Quebec
