Chapter 3 Flashcards
How can you describe the character of Britain’s empire before 1660?
Before 1660 England England governed its New World colonies haphazardly (salutary neglect- beneficial neglect) and the colonies ‘did whatever they wanted’
What was true about the Restoration Colonies of NY, PA, NJ, and the Carolinas?
were proprietorships and proprietors could rule as they wished as long as their laws conformed w/ English
How can you describe the dominant approach to settlement in early NC?
Manorial system and feudal society proved fantasy when the settlers of N. Carolina refused to work on large manors so they raised their own crops on modest farms and, inspired by Bacon’s Rebellion, rebelled against taxes on tobacco and Anglican Church taxes
Where did the colonists that settled SC and introduced racial slavery in 1660s come from?
white settlers from Barbados hoped to recreate its hierarchical slave society
Which colony was established as a refuge for Quakers?
Penn designed Pennsylvania as refuge for Quakers who were persecuted in England bc refused to serve in military and support Church of England
Penn designed Pennsylvania as refuge for Quakers who were persecuted in England bc refused to serve in military and support Church of England
What were some beliefs and statements of the Quaker religion in the 1660s?
Quakers sought to restore simplicity of Christianity but did not agree w/ Puritan’s predestination
believed that God had imbued all men and women w/ grace and understanding
What was the original intention of the Navigation Acts?
To control trade w/ colonies to gain the economic benefits, English wanted goods and materials to be carried to English ports in English ships. extended mercantilist strategies to American settlements
What were the stipulations of the mid-17th century Navigation Acts?
the Navigation Act of 1651 required that goods be carried on ships owned by English or colonial merchants. New parliamentary acts in 1660 and 1663 strengthened the ban on foreign traders:colonists could export sugar and tobacco only to England and import European goods only through England; moreover, three-quarters of the crew on English vessels had to be English. To pay the customs officials who enforced these laws, the Revenue Act of 1673 imposed “plantation duty” on American exports of sugar and tobacco
What were some outcomes of the Navigation Acts in the mid-17th century?
Americans violated Navigation Acts by continuing to trade with Dutch shippers, and New England merchants imported sugar and molasses from French W. Indies. Thus, annulled charters and made Mass. Bay and New Hampshire royal colonies. This led to Dominion of New England when James II took the throne
How can you describe the change in English economic philosophy toward the colonies starting in the 1650s?
English believed that they had to control trade with the colonies to reap their economic benefits. they started to realize that the colonies were extremely profitable and shouldn’t be left unattended.
How did England act upon its mercantilist policies in the late 17th century?
Since the 1560s, the English crown had pursued mercantilist policies, using government subsidies and charters to stimulate English manufacturing and foreign trade. Now it extended these mercantilist strategies to the American settlements through the Navigation Acts. Colonies made raw goods, English manufactured then colonies bought the manufactured goods.
What events provoked a major crisis for Puritans in Massachusetts in the 17th century?
King James II formed Dominion of New England by revoking charters of Connecticut and Rhode Island and merging them w/ Mass. Bay and Plymouth. Gov. Andros advocated public worship in the Church of England, offending Puritan Congregationalists.
Why did King James II create the Dominion of New England in 1686?
King James II who wanted stricter control over the colonies and targeted New England for his reforms. Because of continued defiance of Navigation Acts
Why did the Dominion of New England anger the colonists?
abolished existing legislative assemblies
in Mass. banned town meeting and advocated public worship of Church of England, angering ppls
invalidated all land titles granted under original Mass. Bay charter, and offered to give them back for a fee
What occurred in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
William and Mary accepted the Declaration of Rights which created a constitutional monarchy so power was spread out
Members of Parliament relied on John Locke who rejected divine-right monarchy and argued that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty and property
