Perineum Flashcards
The base of the ____ _______ marks the transition bw the hindgut (_____-derived) and proctodeum (____-derived). This area of transition is called the _____ ____
The internal anal sphincter is _____ muscle that is ______-ly innervated.
The external anal sphincter is _______ muscle that is _______-ly controlled.
The base of the ANAL COLUMNS marks the transition bw the hindgut (ENDODERM-derived) and proctodeum (ECTODERM-derived). This area of transition is called the PECTINATE LINE
The internal anal sphincter is SMOOTH muscle that is AUTONOMIC-ly innervated.
The external anal sphincter is SKELETAL muscle that is SOMATIC-ly controlled.
Ischioanal fossae walls:
Lateral: ______ ______ and it’s fascia
Medial: ______ ______ and it’s fascia
Ischioanal fossae walls:
Lateral: OBTURATOR INTERNUS and it’s fascia
Medial: PELVIC DIAPHRAGM and it’s fascia
Contents of Deep Perineal Pouch:
Male + Female: ______ ______, and ____ _____ _____ muscle and ________
Male only: ___________ glands
Female only: _______
Contents of Deep Perineal Pouch:
Male + Female: SPHINCTER URETHRAE, and DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL muscle and URETHRA
Male only: BUBOURETHRAL glands
Female only: VAGINA
Contents of Superficial Perineal Pouch:
Male + Female: ____________, __________, _________ _________ ________, _______
Male only: ___________ glands
Female only: _______
Contents of Superficial Perineal Pouch:
Male + Female: BULBOSPONGIOSUS, ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS, SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL, URETHRA
Male only: BULB OF PENIS, CORPUS SPONGIOSUM, CRURA OF PENIS, CORPORA CAVERNOSA
Female only: VAGINA, VESTIVULAR BULB, GREATER VESTIBULAR GLAND, CRURA OF CLITORIS
Superficial perineal fascia of male:
-Superficial penile fascia, _____ fascia of scrotum, ______ fascia of gooch, ______ fascia of anterior abdominal wall.
Superficial perineal fascia of male:
-Superficial penile fascia, DARTOS fascia of scrotum, COLLES fascia of gooch, SCARPAS fascia of anterior abdominal wall.
Perineal muscles that attach to central tendon:
Deep + Superficial _____ _____, ___________, external ____ ______.
Pelvic diaphragm muscles attaching to central tendon: _______, ______
Perineal muscles that attach to central tendon:
Deep + Superficial TRANSVERSE PERINEAL, BULBOSPONGIOSUS, external ANAL SPHINCTER.
Pelvic diaphragm muscles attaching to central tendon: PUBOCOCCYGEUS, PUBORECTALIS
Internal pudental artery exits pelvis via ______ _____ foramen to enter the ____ region. It passes from ____ region to ischioanal fossa via _____ ____ foramen. In ischioanal fossa, it runs within _____ canal to reach the _______ _____.
Internal pudental artery exits pelvis via GREATER SCIATIC foramen to enter the GLUTEAL region. It passes from GLUTEAL region to ischioanal fossa via LESSER SCIATIC foramen. In ischioanal fossa, it runs within PUDENTAL canal to reach the UROGENITAL TRIANGLE.
Venous drainage of erectile bodies is via ____ ___ vein of penis and clitoris. They drain via gap in urogenital hiatus into _____ venous and ____ venous plexuses, respectively.
Venous drainage of erectile bodies is via DEEP DORSAL vein of penis and clitoris. They drain via gap in urogenital hiatus into PROSTATIC venous and VESICLE venous plexuses, respectively.
Perineal somatic innervation is via ____ nerve (S_,,)
Branches of this nerve:
-______ rectal: ______ anal sphincter, pelvic diaphragm + sensory of skin of _____ ______
-______ nerve of penis/clitoris: sensory to ______ of these organs
-perineal: all muscles of _____/_____ _____ ______, and sensory to these areas
Perineal somatic innervation is via PUDENTAL nerve (S2,3,4)
Branches of this nerve:
-INFERIOR rectal: EXTERNAL anal sphincter, pelvic diaphragm and sensory of skin of ANAL TRIANGLE
-DORSAL nerve of penis/clitoris: sensory to DORSUM of these organs
-perineal: all muscles of DEEP/SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCHES, and sensory to these areas
Sympathetic pathways both start with preganglionic cell bodies located in __ and __ of SC.
1a. Axons travel in ____ ____ nerves to the _____ ____ plexus then enter pelvis via ______ nerves and synapse on postganglionics in _____ _____ plexus.
1b. Postganglionic cell bodies located in _____ _____ plexus. Axons join internal pudental artery.
2a. Axons travel down ____ ____ and synapse on cell bodies located in _________ ____ __,,.
2b. Postganglionics join _____ Rami of spinal nerves ___,, and travel in ______ nerve.
Sympathetic pathways both start with preganglionic cell bodies located in L1 and L2 of SC.
1a. Axons travel in LUMBAR SPLANCHNIC nerves to the SUPERIOR HYPOGASTRIC plexus then enter pelvis via HYPOGASTRIC nerves and synapse on postganglionics in INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC plexus.
1b. Postganglionic cell bodies located in INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC plexus. Axons join internal pudental artery.
2a. Axons travel down SYMPATHETIC CHAIN and synapse on cell bodies located in PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA S2,3,4.
2b. Postganglionics join VENTRAL Rami of spinal nerves S2,3,4 and travel in PUDENTAL nerve.
Parasympathetics are primarily responsible for ______.
Preganglionic cell bodies are located at __,, levels of SC. Axons travel in ______ ______ nerves to reach the ______ _____ plexus, where they synapse on postgangs.
Postganglionic cell bodies in _____ _____ plexus send axons into _____ nerves, which pass through ___ _______ to reach ______ tissue.
Parasympathetics are primarily responsible for ERECTION.
Preganglionic cell bodies are located at S2,3,4 levels of SC. Axons travel in PELVIC SPLANCHNIC nerves to reach the INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC plexus, where they synapse on postgangs.
Postganglionic cell bodies in INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC plexus send axons into CAVERNOUS nerves, which pass through UG DIAPHRAGM to reach ERECTILE tissue.
