Overview Of The Nervous System Flashcards
Autonomic ganglia are ____ ____ ____ neurons
Sensory ganglia are _______ neurons. They are located ____ CNS.
Autonomic ganglia are MULTI POLAR MOTOR neurons
Sensory ganglia are PSEUDOUNIPOLAR neurons. They are located OUTSIDE OF CNS.
Conus medullaris tip is found between __ and __. Lumbar puncture is done ____ the conus, at ___.
Iliac crest is at level of ___, so you puncture ____ it.
Conus medullaris tip is found between L1 and L2. Lumbar puncture is done BELOW the conus, at L3.
Iliac crest is at level of L4, so you puncture ABOVE it.
Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal through _______ _____.
C1-C7 nerves exit ____ corresponding vertebral level. I.e. C3 Nerve exits through _____ ____ between vertebra ___ and ___.
C8 emerges ____ C7 vertebra.
The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves exit _____ vertebral level. I.e. T5 nerve exits through ____ ____ between vertebra __ and __.
Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal through INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMINA.
C1-C7 nerves exit ABOVE corresponding vertebral level. I.e. C3 Nerve exits through INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN between vertebra C2 and C3.
C8 emerges BELOW C7 vertebra.
The thoracic, lumbar, and sacral nerves exit BELOW vertebral level. I.e. T5 nerve exits through INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN between vertebra T5 and T6.
Dorsal rami innervate:
-skin of the ____, true ____ muscles, and ______ joints.
Ventral rami innervate:
- remainder of skin
- skeletal muscles of ____, ____, and ____.
Dorsal rami innervate:
-skin of the BACK, true BACK muscles, and ZYGAPOPHYSEAL joints.
Ventral rami innervate:
- remainder of skin
- skeletal muscles of NECK, TRUNK, LIMBS.
Difference bw sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions:
Sympathetic innervates: smooth muscle of ____ ___, and ____ glands. Sympatehtic nerve fibers are distributed with ____ nerves and ____ _____.
Parasympathetic innervates: smooth muscle of ____ ____, and ____ glands. Parasympathetic nerve fibers are distributed with ____ nerves and ____ ____ nerves.
Difference bw sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions:
Sympathetic innervates: smooth muscle of BLOOD VESSELS, and SWEAT glands. Sympatehtic nerve fibers are distributed with SPINAL nerves and BLOOD VESSELS.
Parasympathetic innervates: smooth muscle of DIGESTIVE, and SALIVARY glands. Parasympathetic nerve fibers are distributed with CRANIAL nerves and PELVIC AUTONOMIC nerves.
Sympathetic Motor Neurons:
Location of preganglionic cell bodies: ____ horn of SC segments __-__. Referred to as ______ outflow.
Location of postganglionic cell bodies: _______ and ______ ganglia.
Sympathetic Motor Neurons:
Location of preganglionic cell bodies: LATERAL horn of SC segments T1-L2. Referred to as THORACOLUMBAR outflow.
Location of postganglionic cell bodies: PARAVERTEBRAL and PREVERTEBRAL ganglia.
Parasympathetic Motor Neurons:
Location of preganglionic cell bodies: ____ nuclei and _____ horn of SC segments __-__. Referred to as ______ outflow.
Location of postganglionic cell bodies: _ discrete ganglia of the __ and ___ ganglia of the ___.
Parasympathetic Motor Neurons:
Location of preganglionic cell bodies: BRAINSTEM nuclei and LATERAL horn of SC segments S2-S4. Referred to as CRANIOSACRAL outflow.
Location of postganglionic cell bodies: 4 discrete ganglia of the HEAD and ENTERIC ganglia of the GUT.
Parasympathetic system does not innervate smooth muscle or glands associated with ____ structures and is therefore not distributed in ____ or ____.
Parasympathetic system does not innervate smooth muscle or glands associated with SOMATIC structures and is therefore not distributed in TRUNK or LIMBS.
All preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter ______ ganglia from __-__ via ___ rami communicans before being distributed.
All preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter PARAVERTEBRAL ganglia from T1-L2 via WHITE rami communicans before being distributed.
White ramus communicans carries _______ _____ axons as well as _____ sensory fibers.
White ramus communicans carries PREGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC axons as well as VISCERAL sensory fibers.
Spinal nerves __-__ supply the upper limb and __-__ supply the lower limb. Because there are no preganglionic cell bodies located at these spinal cord segments (except for __ and __) and no ___ rami communicans associated with these spinal nerves (i.e., can’t enter paravertebral ganglia directly), sympathetic distribution to the neck and limbs cannot use the simple pathway.
Spinal nerves C5-TQ supply the upper limb and L2-S4 supply the lower limb. Because there are no preganglionic cell bodies located at these spinal cord segments (except for T1 and L2) and no WHITE rami communicans associated with these spinal nerves (i.e., can’t enter paravertebral ganglia directly), sympathetic distribution to the neck and limbs cannot use the simple pathway.
Neurons that convey somatic sdensations are anatomically identical to those that convey ____ sensations. Both are ____ neurons with cell bodies located in a ____.
Neurons that convey somatic sdensations are anatomically identical to those that convey VISCERAL sensations. Both are UNIPOLAR neurons with cell bodies located in a GANGLION.
Somatic Sensory Neurons:
Innervate: ___, ____, ____
Sensations conveyed: _____, ____, ____, _____
Location of cell bodies: ____ from __-__
Pathway: same as motor pathway up to spinal nerve then follows ____ root to ____ horn.
Somatic Sensory Neurons:
Innervate: SKIN, MUSCLE, JOINTS
Sensations conveyed: PAIN, TEMP, TOUCH, PROPRIOCEPTION
Location of cell bodies: DRG from C2-COCCYX
Pathway: same as motor pathway up to spinal nerve then follows DORSAL root to DORSAL horn.
Visceral Sensory Neurons:
Innervate: ___, ____, ____ ____
Sensations conveyed: _____, ____, ___
Location of cell bodies: _____ from __-__
Pathway: Same as motor pathway up to spinal nerve then follows ___ root to ____ horn. Note that the sensory pathway involves only ___ neuron while the motor pathway requires ___ neurons.
Visceral Sensory Neurons:
Innervate: VISCERA, GLANDS, BLOOD VESELS
Sensations conveyed: DISTENTION, NAUSEA, HUNGER
Location of cell bodies: DRG from T1-L2
Pathway: Same as motor pathway up to spinal nerve then follows DORSAL root to DORSAL horn. Note that the sensory pathway involves only ONE neuron while the motor pathway requires TWO neurons.
Parasympathetic afferent fibers convey some ___ but are mostly involved with ____ ____ such as ____ ____ ___.
Fibers travel in ____ nerves and pelvic ____ nerves along with _____ efferent fibers. Cell bodies are located in _____ nerve sensory ganglia and _____ of ___ nerves __-__.
Parasympathetic afferent fibers convey some PAIN but are mostly involved with VISCERAL REFLEXES such as MONITORING BP.
Fibers travel in CRANIAL nerves and pelvic SPLANCHNIC nerves along with VISCERAL efferent fibers. Cell bodies are located in CRANIAL nerve sensory ganglia and DRG of SPINAL nerves S2-S4.
