Neurocytology II Flashcards
Neuroepithelium gives rise to _____ cells, _____, and ____. This arises from ___ ___.
Neuroepithelium gives rise to EPENDYMAL cells, OLIGODENDROCYTES, and ASTROCYTES. This arises from NEURAL TUBE.
Microglia originate _____ __ ____.
Microglia originate OUTSIDE OF CNS.
Ependymal cells have ___ __. They are bound together by ____ junctions. ____ can enter and ____ with ____ ___ of CNS.
In specific locations in the ____, ependymal cells are ____ to form the special ____ epithelium of the ____ ___, a ____ Structure. They are modified with ____ ____.
Ependymal cells have APICAL CILIA. They are bound together by ADHERENS junctions. CSF can enter and COMMUNICATE with INTERSTITIAL SPACE of CNS.
In specific locations in the VENTRICLE, ependymal cells are MODIFIED to form the special SECRETORY epithelium of the CHOROID PLEXUS, a VASCULAR Structure. They are modified with TIGHT JCTS.
Astrocytes have glial filaments (made up of ______) which are also made up of _____.
Astrocytes usually lie between 2 cell types: _____ and _____ or ____ and _____.
Astrocytes provide ___ _____ to the nervous system.
They are often found around ____ ___ and at ____ __ _____. Also found surrounding ______.
They are linked by ___ ____.
Astrocytes have glial filaments (made up of INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS) which are also made up of GFAP.
Astrocytes usually lie between 2 cell types: NEURON and CAPILLARIES or NEURONS and PIA MATER.
Astrocytes provide STRUCTURAL SUPPORT to the nervous system.
They are often found around INITIAL SEGMENT and at NODES OF RANVIER. Also found surrounding SYNAPSES.
They are linked by GAP JUNCTIONS.
Astrocytes can accumulate _____. ___ ____ are present on astorcytes, so they can regulate astrocyte function.
As a result of stimulation by ___, astrocytes can:
- change their _____ of ___ ____
- change their _____
- change their ability to take up _____
- change their content of _____ factors that can keep neurons ___ and _____
Astrocytes can accumulate NT. NT RECEPTORS are present on astorcytes, so they can regulate astrocyte function.
As a result of stimulation by NT, astrocytes can:
- change their PERMEABILITY of ION CHANNELS
- change their MORPHOLOGY
- change their ability to take up NT
- change their content of NEUROTROPIC FACTORS factors that can keep neurons ALIVE and FUNCTIONING
The BBB lies morphologically at the level of _____ cells and their ____ ___. Not at level of ____, which control the tightness of the BBB.
The BBB lies morphologically at the level of ENDOTHELIAL cells and their TIGHT JCTS. Not at level of ASTROCYTES, which control the tightness of the BBB.
Factors released from ____ influence formation of ___ ___ between ____ cells of capillaries and the passage of materials across these ____ cells and so influence ____ of the BBB. These factors also regulate ____ ___ in the capillaries of the brain.
Factors released from ASTROCYTES influence formation of TIGHT JCTS between ENDOTHELIAL cells of capillaries and the passage of materials across these ENDOTHELIAL cells and so influence INTEGRITY of the BBB. These factors also regulate BLOOD FLOW in the capillaries of the brain.
If you lose 1 oligodendrocyte, you’re affecting a myelin segment for ___-___ axons surrounding that oligodendrocyte.
If you lose 1 oligodendrocyte, you’re affecting a myelin segment for 40-50 axons surrounding that oligodendrocyte.
________ line is where PM fuses. _____ holds the outer surfaces of PM together.
_____ regions are areas near the nodes of ranvier where edges of the spirally wrapped ____ are separated at the ____ ____ ____. This results in a series of ______-____ processes with oligodendrocyte cytoplasm. These are closely associated with the ____ at the ____ regions.
Signals are thought to be transmitted here between the ____ and the oligodendrocyte. Loss of these signals may result in diseases like ___ and ___ as well as affect the thickness of myelin during normal axon function.
MAJOR DENSE line is where PM fuses. PLP (proteolipid protein) holds the outer surfaces of PM together.
PARANODAL regions are areas near the nodes of ranvier where edges of the spirally wrapped LAMELLAE are separated at the MAJOR DENSE LINES. This results in a series of TONGUE-LIKE processes with oligodendrocyte cytoplasm. These are closely associated with the AXOLEMMA at the PARANODAL regions.
Signals are thought to be transmitted here between the AXON and the oligodendrocyte. Loss of these signals may result in diseases like MS and AS as well as affect the thickness of myelin during normal axon function.
The nodes of ranvier have high ____ and low _____. They contain high levels of _____ _______.
The nodes of ranvier have high CAPACITANCE and low RESISTANCE. They contain high levels of ION CHANNELS.
Support cells of the PNS are _____ And ____ cells.
____ cells are associated with peripheral nerve axons.
_____ cells are associated with cell bodies.
Support cells in PNS produces ____ and _____ debris.
Support cells of the PNS are SCHWANN And SATELLITE cells.
SCHWANN cells are associated with peripheral nerve axons.
SATELLITE cells are associated with cell bodies.
Support cells in PNS produces GFs and PHAGOCYTOSE debris.
In PNS, even unmeylinated axons line within the arms of ____ cells. In the CNS, axons can be ____.
In PNS, even unmeylinated axons line within the arms of SCHWANN cells. In the CNS, axons can be NAKED.
In the case of myelinated axons, one _____ cell produces one ______ associated with one axon. An axon is surrounded by many ____ cells.
Remember in the CNS, 1 ____ can form many ______.
In the case of myelinated axons, one SCHWANN cell produces one INTERNODE associated with one axon. An axon is surrounded by many SCHWANN cells.
Remember in the CNS, 1 OLIGODENDROCYTE can form many INTERNODES.
Apposition of the ___ face of the PM results in major dense lines.
Apposition of the ___ face of the PM results in intraperiod lines.
Apposition of the INNER face of the PM results in major dense lines.
Apposition of the OUTER face of the PM results in intraperiod lines.
In the PNS, the adhering protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein called __. Differences in the adhering proteins in the CNS and PNS may account for distinct ___ Diseases.
In the PNS, the adhering protein is a transmembrane glycoprotein called PO. Differences in the adhering proteins in the CNS and PNS may account for distinct DEMYELINATING Diseases.
