Head and Neck Embryology

Question 1

1st Pharyngeal Arch is _____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____, ____, ____, ____, _____, ____, _____, _____ including muscles of _____, _____ digastric, and _____. Nerve that innervates all of this: _____

Answer 1

1st Pharyngeal Arch is MESODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to MAXILLA, ZYGOMATIC, TEMPORAL, PALATINE, ANTERIOR TONGUE, MALLEUS, INCUS, MANDIBLE including muscles of MASTICATION, ANTERIOR digastric, and TENSORS. Nerve that innervates all of this: TRIGEMINAL

Question 2

2nd Pharyngeal Arch is _____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____, ____ ______, ____ ___ _ ____, and muscles of ____ _____, _____ digastric, and _____. These are all innervated by CN ____

Answer 2

2nd Pharyngeal Arch is MESODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to STAPES, STYLOID PROCESS, LESSER HORN OF HYOID, and muscles of FACIAL EXPRESSION, POSTERIOR digastric, and STYLOHYOID. These are all innervated by CN 7, FACIAL NERVE.

Question 3

3rd Pharyngeal Arch is _____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ ____ _ ____, _____ ____, and ______. The nerve that innervates this is CN __.

Answer 3

3rd Pharyngeal Arch is MESODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to GREATER HORN OF HYOID, POSTERIOR TONGUE, and STYLOPHARYNGEUS. The nerve that innervates this is CN 9 (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL).

Question 4

4th Pharyngeal Arch is _____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ ___ ____, ____ ____, ____ cartilages, most of ____ palate, and ____ muscle. This is innervated by CN ___.

Answer 4

4th Pharyngeal Arch is MESODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to LESSER HORN OF HYOID, POSTERIOR TONGUE, LARYNGEAL cartilages, most of SOFT palate, and CRICOTHYROID muscle. This is innervated by CN X, external laryngeal.

Question 5

6th Pharyngeal Arch is _____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ ____, ____ cartilages, most _____ ____, and ____ muscles. Innervated by CN __.

Answer 5

6th Pharyngeal Arch is MESODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to POSTERIOR TONGUE, LARYNGEAL cartilages, most INTRINSIC LARYNGEALS, and ESOPHAGEAL muscles. Innervated by CN X, recurrent laryngeal.

Question 6

1st pharyngeal cleft is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to _____ _____ ____ and _____ membrane.

Answer 6

1st pharyngeal cleft is ECTODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS and TYMPANIC membrane.

Question 7

2nd-4th pharyngeal clefts are ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ___ ___/ ____ ___ cysts.

Answer 7

2nd-4th pharyngeal clefts are ECTODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to CERVICAL SINUS/ LATERAL CERVICAL cysts.

Question 8

The stomodeum is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ __ ___ ___ and ____ ____.

Answer 8

The stomodeum is ECTODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to LINING OF ORAL CAVITY and ANTERIOR PITUITARY.

Question 9

The placodes are which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ of ____ ____. With NC cells, it forms ____ ____ ganglia.

Answer 9

The placodes are which layer of embryo) and gives rise to EPITHELIUM of SPECIAL SENSES. With NC cells, it forms CRANIAL SENSORY ganglia.

Question 10

1st pharyngeal pouch is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ membrane and ____ ___.

Answer 10

1st pharyngeal pouch is ENDODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to TYMPANIC membrane and AUDITORY TUBE.

Question 11

2nd pharyngeal pouch is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ ____.

Answer 11

2nd pharyngeal pouch is ENDODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to PALATINE TONSIL.

Question 12

3rd pharyngeal pouch is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ____ ________ ____ and ____.

Answer 12

3rd pharyngeal pouch is (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to INFERIOR PARATHYROID GLANDS and THYMUS.

Question 13

4th pharyngeal pouch is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to ______ ________ ____.

Answer 13

4th pharyngeal pouch is ENDODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to SUPERIOR PARATHYROID GLAND.

Question 14

Foramen cecum is ____ (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to _____ ____.

Answer 14

Foramen cecum is ENDODERM (which layer of embryo) and gives rise to THYROID GLAND.

Question 15

The frontonasal prominence consists of ______ segment, which gives rise to ____, ___, ___ ____, ____, ____ palate.

Answer 15

The frontonasal prominence consists of INTERMAXILLARY segment, which gives rise to FOREHEAD, NOSE, NASAL SEPTUM, PHILTRUM, PRIMARY palate.

Question 16

Nasolacrimal groove gives rise to ___ ___ and ____ ___.

Answer 16

Nasolacrimal groove gives rise to NASOLACRIMAL DUCT and LACRIMAL SAC.

Question 17

Maxillary prominences are made up of ____ ___ and give rise to ____, ___ ___ ___, and ____ palate. Gives rise to most ____.

Answer 17

Maxillary prominences are made up of PALATINE SHELVES and give rise to CHEEKS, LATERAL UPPER LIP, and SECONDARY palate. Gives rise to most TEETH.

Question 18

First aortic arch gives rise to ____ artery.

Second gives rise to _____ artery.

Third gives rise to part of ____ ____ artery.

Fourth gives rise to parts of right _____ and ___ __ _____.

Sixth gives rise to _____ ____ and ______ artery.

Answer 18

First aortic arch gives rise to MAXILLARY artery.

Second gives rise to STAPEDIAL artery.

Third gives rise to part of INTERNAL CAROTID artery.

Fourth gives rise to parts of right SUBCLAVIAN and ARCH OF AORTA.

Sixth gives rise to DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS and PULMONARY artery.