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Anatomy 2 > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Region of the trunk inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and between the thighs

A

Perineum

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2
Q

Forms the margins of the perineum

A

Pelvic outlet

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3
Q

Creat the diamond-shaped space of the pelvic outlet

A

Pubic symphysis, inferior pubic rami, ischial rami/tuberosities, sacrotberous ligaments, coccyx

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4
Q

Forms the roof of the perineum

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

2 triangles of the perineum

A

Urogenital, anal

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6
Q

Line of division b/t the 2 triangles of the perineum

A

B/t the anterior portions of the ischial tuberosities

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7
Q

Central tendon of the perineum (fibromuscular mass)

A

Perineal body

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8
Q

Triangular, durable sheet of fascia spanning the ishiopubic rami

A

Perineal membrane

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9
Q

Thicken of the anterior margin of the perineal membrane

A

Transverse perineal ligament

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10
Q

Deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris passes thru what

A

A gap b/t the transverse perineal ligament and the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

Found in the middle of the anal triangle

A

Anal canal and anus

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the anal canal/anus

A

External anal sphincter

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13
Q

3 parts of the external anal sphincter

A

Deep part, superficial part, subcutaneous part

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14
Q

Forms a ring around the anal canal, merging with the fibers of the puborectalis

A

Deep part of the external anal sphincter

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15
Q

Surrounds the anal canal and attaches superiorly to the perineal body and posteriorly to the coccyx

A

Superficial part of the external anal sphincter

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16
Q

Attaches the superficial part to the coccyx

A

Anococcygeal ligament

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17
Q

Open, wedge-shaped spaces lateral to the anal canal, that are continuous with each other posteriorly and inconsistently anteriorly

A

Ischioanal fossae

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18
Q

What passes thru the ischioanal fossae

A

Inferior rectal nerve and vessels

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19
Q

Boundaries of the ichioanal fossae

A

Obturator internus (and fascia) anteriorly, inferior surface of the levator ani muscle superomedially, skin of the perineum inferiorly

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20
Q

Pass thru the pudendal canal

A

Internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve

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21
Q

Positioning of the ischioanal fossae

A

projects anteriorly into the urogenital triangle,
superior to the deep perineal pouch as the anterior recesses of the ischioanal fossa.

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22
Q

first branch of the internal pudendal artery within the pudendal canal

A

Inferior rectal artery

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23
Q

Path of the inferior rectal artery

A

courses medially through the fat in the ischioanal fossa to anastomose with middle and superior
rectal arteries from internal iliac and inferior mesenteric arteries

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24
Q

branches from the pudendal nerve near the initial portion of the pudendal canal

A

Inferior rectal nerve

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25
Q

Path of the inferior rectal nerve

A

courses medially with the inferior rectal artery towards the anus

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26
Q

Divisions of the urogenital triangle

A

Superficial perineal space and deep perineal space (pouch) via the perineal membrane

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27
Q

Primary arterial and nerve supply to the urogenital triangle

A

Internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve

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28
Q

Components of penis

A

Roots, body, glans

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29
Q

Makes up the root of the penis

A

2 crura and the bulb

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30
Q

The crus is anchored to what?

A

Ischiopubic ramus

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31
Q

The bulb is anchored to what?

A

Perineal membrane

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32
Q

the free, middle portion of the penis that lies inferior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the scrotum when flaccid

A

The body of the penis

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33
Q

Expanded, distal end of the penis

A

Glans

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34
Q

Prominent margin of the glans that projects backwards over the body of
the penis

A

Corona

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35
Q

The constriction between the body of the penis and the glans

A

Neck of the glans

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36
Q

Paired erectile tissue that forms the crura of the penis

A

Corpora cavernosa

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37
Q

Surrounds the corpora cavernosa and forms the septum of the body of the penis

A

Tunica albuginea

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38
Q

Single erectile mass surrounded by a tunica albuginea

A

Corpus spongiosum

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39
Q

What does the corpus spongiosum connect?

A

the bulb and glans

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40
Q

The portion of the urethra within the penis

A

Spongy urethra

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41
Q

Dilated urethra within the glans

A

navicular fossa

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42
Q

Pea-sized accessory glands embedded in the fibers of the urethral sphincter muscle

A

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

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43
Q

Free fold of skin that overlaps the glans

A

Prepuce (foreskin), continuous with the skin of the glans

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44
Q

Fold of skin connecting the deep surface of the prepuce with the glans, immediately ventral to the external urethral orifice

A

Frenulum of the prepuce

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45
Q

Inability to retract the prepuce from the glans penis due to a constriction in the preputial orifice

A

Phimosis

46
Q

Superficial penile fascia

A

Dartos (Colles’) fascia, continuous with Sacrpa’s fascia

47
Q

Investing penile fascia that is continuous with the deep perineal fascia and aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

A

Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)

48
Q

Triangular shaped ligament that attaches to the pubic symphsis and to the deep penile fascia at the proximal end of the body of the penis

A

Suspensory ligament of penis

49
Q

Structure that arises from superfiscial fascia in the area of the linea alba, splits to encircle the body of the penis near the pubic symphysis

A

Fundiform ligament of penis

50
Q

Symmetrical, bilateral pair of thin skeletal muscles that covers the bulb of the penis

A

Bulbospongiosus (attaches posteriorly at the perineal body)

51
Q

Skeletal muscle that covers the crura of the penis

A

Ischiocavernosus (arises from the medial aspect of ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic rami)

52
Q

Small skeletal muscles of the superficial perineal pouch that runs along the posterior border of the urogenital triangle

A

Superficial transverse perineal meuscles that attach to the ischial tuberosity and insert into the perineal body

53
Q

Divides the 2 chambers of the scrotum

A

Scrotal septum

54
Q

Primary layers of the scrotum

A

Skin and dartos fascia

55
Q

Term for all external female genitalia

A

Vulva

56
Q

Fatty subcutaneous tissue that forms a rounded eminence anterior to the pubic symphysis

A

Mons pubis

57
Q

Encapsulated fatty tissue fills bilateral, longitudinal ridges of skin

A

Labia Majora

58
Q

Passes thru the superficial inguinal ring ending the labium majus

A

Round ligament of the uterus

59
Q

Inner surfaces of the labia majora

A

Lateral boundary of the pudendal cleft

60
Q

Two labia majora converge anteriorly at the midline as what?

A

Anterior labial commisure

61
Q

Posterior midline of the pudendal cleft

A

Posterior labial commissure

62
Q

Internal folds of skin

A

Labia minora

63
Q

What do the labia minora bind?

A

Vestibule of the vagina

64
Q

Unites the labia minora posteriorly

A

Frenulum of the labia

65
Q

Lateral portions of the labia minora meet at the midline anterior to the clitoris to form what?

A

Prepuce of the clitoris

66
Q

Medial portions of the labia minora meet posterior to the blans of the clitoris to form what?

A

Frenulum of the clitoris

67
Q

What forms the clitoris?

A

Paired masses of eretile tissue called corpora cavernosa clitoridis

68
Q

Cavernous bodies that attach to the ischiopubic rami and perineal membrane

A

Crura of the clitoris

69
Q

Meeting of the corpora cavernosa clitoridis

A

Body of the clitoris

70
Q

End of the clitoris

A

Glans of clitoris beneath the prepuce of the clitoris

71
Q

Attaches the clitoral bod yto the pubic symphysis

A

Suspensory ligament of the clitoris

72
Q

Space between the labia minora

A

Vestibule of the vagina

73
Q

Opening into the anterior part of the vestibule of the vagina

A

External urethral orifice

74
Q

Median slit located posterior to the urethral orifice

A

Orifice of the vagina

75
Q

Thin fold of mucous membrane that partially closes the vaginal orifice

A

Hymen

76
Q

Rounded elevations around the margins of the vaginal orfice that represent remnents of the hymen

A

Hymeneal caruncles

77
Q

3cm elongated masses of erectile tissue, situated deep to the bulbospongiosus muscle in the labia majora

A

Vestibular bulb

78
Q

Glands located on the lateral aspect of the vaginal orifice

A

Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands)

79
Q

Minute channels on either side of the uretral orifice

A

Paraurethral glands (Skene’s)

80
Q

Skeletal muscles that cover the vestibular bulb and greater vestibular glands

A

Bulbospongiosus (inserts posteriorly into the perineal body and anteriorly into the clitoris)

81
Q

Layers of superficial perineal fascia in a female

A

Fatty superficial layer, deep membranous layer (Colles’) that is continuous with the Scarpa’s fascia

82
Q

Fascia continuous with the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle

A

Deep perineal fascia (Gallaudet’s fascia)Splits to invest the superficial perineal muscles and in continuous with deep penile fascia

83
Q

Limits the superficial perineal space (superficially and deeply)

A

(superficially, inferiorly) Superficial fascia (Colles’) and (deeply, spueriorly) perineal membrane

84
Q

8 things in male superficial perineal space

A

Bulb of penis, crura of penis, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, spongy urethra, superficial transverse perineal muscle, branches of internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve

85
Q

9 things is female superficial perineal space

A

Bulb of vestibule, crura of clitoris, greater vestibular glands, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle, branches of internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve

86
Q

What is the deep perineal space bounded by?

A

Perineal membrane (inferior), inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm (superior), Obturator fascia (lateral)

87
Q

8 things in male deep perineal space

A

Anterior recess of ischioanal fossa, deep transverse perineal muscle, external urethral sphincter, membranous urethra, bulbourethral glands, internal pudendal vessels, branches of pudendal nerve

88
Q

9 things in female deep perineal space

A

Anterior recess of ischioanal fossa, deep transverse perineal muscle, external urethral sphincter, compressor urethrae, urethrovaginal sphincter, transverse vaginal muscles, proximal portion of urethra, internal pudendal vessels, branches of pudendal nerve

89
Q

Where do most superficial structures in the superficial perineal pouch of the perineum drain their lymph to?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

90
Q

Where do gential glans drain to?

A

Deep inguinal nodes

91
Q

Where do deep perinal space and superior part of the anal canal above the pectinate line drain to?

A

Internal iliac nodes

92
Q

Path of the internal pudendal artery

A

With pudendal nerve, exits pelvic cavity thru greater sciatic foramen, thru gluteal region, enters perineum thru the lesser sciatic foramen, runs thru the pudendal canal, deep into the superficial perineal space to supply the perineum

93
Q

Path of the perineal artery

A

From the internal pudendal artery, superficial within the superficial perineal space, b/t the bulbospongiosus and ischocavernosus (female) and on the surface of ischocavernosus (males)

94
Q

Path of the transverse perineal artery

A

Arises from perineal artery to course along the superficial transverse perineal muscle

95
Q

Path of the posterior scrotal/labial artery

A

Arises from perineal artery to supply skin and fascia

96
Q

Path of the artery of the bulb of the genitals

A

Arises from the internal pudendal artery, courses medially and pierces the perineal membrane before entering the bulb

97
Q

Path of the urethral artery

A

Arises from the internal pudendal artery, pierces the perineal membrane and then enters the corpus spongiosum to run alongside the urethra to the glans penis

98
Q

Path of the deep artery of the penis/clitoris

A

Aka cavernosal artery, one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery, pierces the perineal membrane, enters the crus, and runs thru the center of the corpus cavernosum

99
Q

2 terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery

A

Dorsal artery and deep artery of the penis/clitoris

100
Q

3 arteries that pierce the perineal membrane

A

Urethral artery, deep artery, dorsal artery

101
Q

External pudendal artery branches

A

Superficial and deep external pudendal arteries

102
Q

Gives rise to the external pudendal arteries

A

Femoral artery

103
Q

Supplies the skin of the penis/vulve and the anterior aspect of the scrotum/labia majora

A

superficial external pudendal artery

104
Q

Supplies the skin of the scrotum/labia majora

A

deep external pudendal artery

105
Q

Path of the deep dorsal vein

A

Unpairs from the midline of the dorsal aspect of the penis/clitoris, deep into the deep fascia b/t the right and left dorsal arteries, thru the suspensory ligament, terminates in the prostatic venous plexus (male) vesical venous plexus (female)

106
Q

Drains most structures in the perineum

A

Internal pudendal vein and drains into the internal iliac veins

107
Q

Innervation of the penis

A

Dorsal nerve of penis (off of pudendal), S2-S4

108
Q

Carries parasympathetic to penis

A

Cavernous nerves (from inferior hypogastric plexus)

109
Q

Innervates bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

A

Deep branch of perineal nerve

110
Q

Innervates anterior aspect of vulva

A

anterior labial nerves from Ilioinguinal and Genitofemoral nerves

111
Q

Innervates the posterior aspect of vulva

A

posterior labial nerves from perineal branch of posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)

112
Q

Innervates the deep perineal muscles and clitoris

A

Dorsal nerve of the clitoris

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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