Lungs Flashcards
Double layered membranous sac that surrounds each lung
Parietal pleura
Adheres the parietal pleura to the thoracic walls
Endothoracic fascia
Lines internal surface of the thoracic wall
Costal pleura
Lines the lateral aspects of the mediastinum
Mediastinal pleura
Lines the superior surface of the diaphragm
Diaphragmatic pleura
Coverse the apex of the lung and extends into the nect
Cervical pleura
Innervates the parietal pleura
Phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve
Inner layer of the pleural sac that completely covers the lung and lung root
Visceral pleura
Potential space b/t the visceral and parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
Potential spaces not filled byt the lungs during normal breathing
Pleural recesses
Potential space b/t the costal and disaphragmatic pleurae that may arise during expiration
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Potential space b/t costat and mediastinal parts of the parietal pleura
Costomediastinal recess
Hypodermic needle is inserted thru the intercostal space into the pleural cavity
Thoracentesis
What intercostal spaces would allow a thoracentesis to avoid the inferior border of the lung?
8th/9th/10th spaces
Where are chest tubes inserted?
5th or 6th intercostal space
What attaches the lungs to the thoracic body?
root and pulmonary ligaments
Surfaces of the lungs
Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic
Where is the lung most vulnerable
the base of the neck at its apex, possibly during central venous access
Concave inferior surface of the lung that rests on the dome of the diaphragm
Base
Location where structures enter/exit the lung
Hilum
Structures that enter/exit the lung at the hilum
Root of the lungs
Parts of the root of the lungs
Bronchi, pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, pulmonary nerve plexus, lymphatics
Organization of the vessels of the root of the lungs
Artery: superior, veins: anterior and inferior, bronchi: posterior and central
When does the bronchi extend over the pulmonary artery?
Superior lobar bronchus of the right lung
Mesentery of the lung surrounding the root where visceral and parietal pleurea are continuous
Pleural sleeve
Lobes in each lung
Right: 3, Left: 2
Separates the superior and inferior lobes
Oblique fissure
Separates the superior and middle lobes
Horizontal fissure
Indentation in the left superior lobe due to the apex of the heart
Cardiac notch
Thin, tongue-like process extending from the superior lobe, below the cardiac notch
Lingula
When does the trachea begin?
C6 vertebral level
When does the trachea bifurcate?
Sternal angle, T4/5
Sharp ridge of cartilage inside the trachea at its bifurcation
Carina
What is a sign of cancer metastasis?
Carina is disorted/widened/immoble, it is a sign that inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes may be involved
Path of right main bronchus
Wider, shorter, runs more vertically into the hilum
Path of left main bronchus
Passes inferolateral, inferior to arch of aorta, anterior to esophagus and thoracic aorta
Divisions of the bronchi
Lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, bronchopulmonary segments
Divisions of the bronchioles
Conducting, terminal, respiratory, alveoli
Basic unit of gas exchange in the lung
Alveoli
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lung
Pulmonary arteries
Where do the pulmonary arteries arise?
from the pulmonary trunk at the sternal angle
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
Supplies blood to non alveolar lung tissue
bronchial arteries
Where does the lymph from the lungs drain into?
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
Where do the bronchopulmonary nodes drain towards?
Tracheobrohnchial nodes
Where does the lung lymph ultimately drain into?
Right lympatic duct or thoracic duct
Where do most cases of bronchogenic carcinoma arise?
Mucosa of the large bronchi
What innervates the lungs?
Pulmonary plexus (autonomic)
Parasympathetic innervation of the lungs
Vagus nerves synapse on the pulmonary plexus, passiing posterior to the root, and regulate bronchoconstriction
Sympathetic innervation of the lungs
Originate in the IML (T1-5), synpase with the cardiosplanchnic nerves to the pulmonary plexus , regulates bronchdilation via inhibition of parasymp.
