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Hugh's MD1 Reproduction > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ischiorectal fossa?

A

The area around the anal opening, in between the pelvic floor and skin of the perineum

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2
Q

Is the urethral sphincter in the deep or superficial perineal pouch?

A

The deep perineal pouch

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4
Q

How is the external anal canal divided?

A

It is divided into deep, superficial (middle) and subcutaneous components

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5
Q

What are the borders of the perineum?

A

The pubic symphysis and coccyx, anterior and posterior

The ischial tuberosities laterally

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5
Q

What makes up the internal anal sphincter?

A

A thickening of the smooth muscle wall

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6
Q

What are the names of the two triangles of the perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

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6
Q

What is the origin of the perineal membrane?

A

The ischiopubic rami on either side of the urogenital triangle

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7
Q

What part of the pelvic floor does the external anal sphincter complex with?

A

The sling of puborectalis muscle

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8
Q

Why are episiotomies performed?

A

To control the tearing sphincters during childbirth

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9
Q

What are the corpus caverosum of the penis anchored to?

A

Ischiopubic rami

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9
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve arised from and which nerve roots contribute to it?

A

The sacral plexus

S2-S4

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10
Q

What constitutes the lateral walls of the ischiorectal fossa?

A

Obturator internus

The ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

What is the structure of the clitoris?

A

Two corpus cavanosa with a small erectile mass

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11
Q

Which part of the anal canal is anchored? To what is it anchored?

A

The superficial (middle) part

  • Anteriorly it is anchored to the perineal body
  • Posteriorly it is anchored to the tip of the coccyx
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12
Q

What is the neurovascular supply of the lower 1/3 of the anal canal?

A

The inferior rectal artery

Drains into the systemic venous system

Somatic nerve supply - the pudendal nerve

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14
Q

What lines the anal canal?

A

Upper 2/3s is mucosa

Lower 1/3 is skin

16
Q

Where does the pudendal canal lie?

A

In a split in the fascia overlying obturator internus as it runs in the ischiorectal fossa

17
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve and what do they supply?

A

The inferior rectal nerve for the anal canal

Splits into deep and superficial branches to supply all the structures in the urogenital triangle

Terminal branch - dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris

18
Q

Describe the course of the pudendal nerve

A

It starts in the pelvis >

Exits with piriformis via the greater sciatic foramen >

Winds around the back of the ischial spine (above to below the pelvic floor) >

Back through the lesser sciatic foramen >

Into perineum and runs in the pudendal canal

19
Q

The pudendal nerve carries all but one type of sensory information, what is it?

A

Parasympathetic

20
Q

Which nerve supplies the perineum?

A

The pudendal nerve

22
Q

Describe the structure of the perineal membrane

A

It is a thick, dense fascial layer with extra thickening on the posterior margin called the central tendon of the perineum

23
Q

What supports the central tendon of the perineum?

A

The transverse perineal muscles - there are four, with a pair above and below the tendon

24
Q

Where is the membraneous part of the urethra?

A

Associated with the external urethral sphincter

25
Q

What is the name of the structure that splits the urogenital triangle into the superficial and deep perineal pouch

A

The perineal membrane

26
Q

What is important about the venous drainage of the anal canal?

A

It is a sight of anastomoses of the portal and systemic circulation

27
Q

What is the central tendon of the perineum?

A

A thickening on the posterior margin of the perineal membrane

28
Q

Where is the perineum located?

A

Beneath the pelvic floor

Between the thighs

29
Q

What is the neurovascular supply of the upper 2/3s of the anal canal?

A

Superior rectal artery

Drains into the portal system

Innervated by autonomic nerves

Hugh's MD1 Reproduction (18 decks)

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