Pelvic Viscera

Question 1

Why doesn’t urine travel up the ureter when the bladder contracts?

Answer 1

It has an oblique course through the wall therefore it closes when the wall contracts

Question 2

How is a retroverted uterus positioned?

Answer 2

Bend backwards in relation to the vagina and lying on the rectum

Question 2

How can you tell the transition between the sigmoid colon and rectum?

Answer 2

The tinea of the sigmoid colon redevelop into longitudinal muscle coat over the rectum

Question 3

Where does the ureter cross the pelvic brim as it enters the pelvic cavity?

Answer 3

At the branching of the common iliac artery

Question 4

Which part of the rectum stores the faeces?

Answer 4

The ampulla

Question 5

Retroverted uteri are associated with what pathology?

Answer 5

Back pain

Question 5

Why is the posterior wall of the vagina longer than the anterior wall?

Answer 5

Because the vagina is angled backwards with respect to the uterus

Question 7

What size is the prostate gland?

Answer 7

Chestnut

Question 7

Which lobe of the prostate is usually enlarged in benign prostatic hypertrophy?

Answer 7

The median or medial

Question 7

Which arteries of the pelvic cavity enter from above?

Answer 7

The ovarian arteries (branch of the abdominal aorta)

The superior rectal artery

Question 8

How is a anteflexed uterus positioned?

Answer 8

Flexed forward on itself

Question 10

What is the urogenital diaphragm otherwise known as?

Answer 10

The perineal membrane

Question 11

What are the three ligaments that support the uterus?

Answer 11

Lateral cervical ligaments

Utero-sacral ligament

Pubocervical ligament

Question 12

What are the names of the different parts of the fallopian tubes, from the uterus afterwards?

Answer 12

Intramural

Isthmus

Ampulla

Infundibulum

Question 14

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 14

The base of the pyramidal shape of the bladder

Question 14

Where does the posterior fornix lie?

Answer 14

Behind the external os of the cervix

Question 15

What are the openings of the cervix called?

Answer 15

The internal and external os

Question 16

Where do the ovaries lie in relation to the board ligament?

Answer 16

Posterior

Question 17

Where can you find the superior vesical artery?

Answer 17

Extends from the bladder (branch of the internal iliac artery)

Question 18

At what spinal level does the rectum begin in the pelvis?

Answer 18

S3

Question 19

What are the three accessory glands of the urethra in males?

Answer 19

Prostate

Seminal Vesicles

Bulbourethral glands

Question 20

What does the ureter run under in males and females before it enters to the bladder?

Answer 20

Males: Vas deferens

Females: Uterine artery

Question 22

Which part of the bladder is anchored?

Answer 22

The neck

Question 23

T/F The fallopian tubes are covered in peritoneum

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Where does the nerve supply of the pelvic viscera come from?

Answer 24

The inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 25

What is the size of the uterus?

Answer 25

8x5x3cm

Question 26

What is the course of the vaginal artery?

Answer 26

Branches off the internal iliac,

Comes into the cavity at the level of the cervix

Turns down to supply the vagina

Question 28

How is a anteverted uterus positioned?

Answer 28

Lying forwards ontop of the vagina

Question 29

Where do the bulbourethral glands lie?

Answer 29

Within the perineal membrane

Question 30

What is the shape and placement of the bladder in the pelvis?

Answer 30

A pyramid with the apex pointing towards to the pelvic bone and the base relating to the uterus or rectum, in females or males respectively

Question 31

What is the name of the ligament that connects the ovaries to the uterus?

Answer 31

The ovarian ligament

Question 32

Where does the pubovesical ligament lie and what is its function?

Answer 32

Connects the neck of the bladder to the pubic bone to stabilise the bladder

Question 33

What does the middle rectal artery do?

Answer 33

Supports the superior rectal arteries’ supply of the rectum

Question 34

Where do the ovaries sit in relation to the walls of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 34

They sit right on the lateral wall, where the iliac artery splits

Question 35

Which plexus has both parasympathetic and sympathetic component, the inferior or superior hypogastric plexus?

Answer 35

The inferior hypogastric plexus