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Hugh's MD1 Reproduction > Ovarian Function > Flashcards

Ovarian Function Flashcards

1
Q

By which stage of developmet are all organs developed?

A

Embryonic stage

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2
Q

What is occurring during menses?

A

The endometrium is sloughing off

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2
Q

At what point does the fetal period begin?

A

9 weeks post fertilisation

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3
Q

What is occurring to the follicle during the follicular stage?

A

It is growing in the ovary with an egg inside it that is also maturing

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3
Q

What is occurring in the endometrium during the secretory phase?

A

It is converted into a secretory structure to promote implantation

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4
Q

In which stage of the menstrual cycle is body temperature increased?

A

The secretory/luteal stage

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4
Q

What is the response to the LH and FSH surge?

A

Ovulation and luteinisation

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5
Q

What happens to the follicle once the egg is released?

A

It becomes the corpus luteum

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6
Q

Which hormone stimulates follicle development?

A

FSH

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6
Q

What is the embryo susceptable to during early pregnancy?

A

Chromosome abnormalities

Environmental factors that can disturb implantation

(Not teratogens)

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7
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce?

A

Oestrogen

Progesterone

Inhibin

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9
Q

What is occurring to the endometrium during the proliferative stage?

A

It is proliferating in preparation for implantation

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10
Q

How does the OCP prevent conception?

A

Contant low dose oestrogen and progesterone negatively feedback on FSH production to prevent it getting to levels high enough for follicular development.

Plus oestrogen levels are never high enough to stimulate the LH and FSH surge required for ovulation

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11
Q

What does the uterus proliferate in response to?

A

Oestrogen

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12
Q

What is the name of the muscular layer of the uterus?

A

The myometrium

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13
Q

What is the average lifespan of secondary oocytes?

A

12-24hours

14
Q

What level are GnRH, LH and FSH at during the luteal phase?

A

Back to basal levels

16
Q

Which hormone controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

A

Oestrogen

17
Q

What is the fertile window?

A

Two days before ovulation

24hours after ovulation

17
Q

In which stage of the development is the conceptus most prone to teratogens?

A

Embryonic period

18
Q

How many days after fertilisation does the blastocyte implant in the uterine wall?

A

5-9days

20
Q

Which cells produce oestrogen during the follicular phase?

A

Granulosa cells

22
Q

What is the predominant hormone in the proliferative/follicular stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Oestrogen

22
Q

What is the alternative name for the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

The luteal phase

23
Q

Why do FSH and LH levels return to normal at the end of the luteal phase?

A

The corpus luteum dies > oestrogen and progesterone production drops > negative feedback eases > FSH and LH can increase

24
Q

What happens to androgens produced by thecal cells?

A

It is converted to oestrogen by aromatase in granulosa cells

25
Q

What are the names of the structures that protect the vaginal opening?

A

The labium majora and minora

27
Q

What occurs at a hormonal level during pregnancy?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone levels drop

The ovaries stop responding to FSH and LH

28
Q

Describe the appearance of cervical mucus around the time of ovulation

A

Abundant

Clear

Non-viscous

29
Q

Why should women who are planning on future pregnancies avoid intrauterine devices?

A

Because they can cause uterine rupture

31
Q

What inhibits the development of a new follicle during the luteal phase?

A

High inhibin negatively feeds back - it inhibits FSH

32
Q

Describe the apparence of cervical mucus during the luteal phase?

A

Sticky

Viscous

Thick

33
Q

Describe the oestrogen positive feedback loop?

A

During the late follicular phase, oestrogen positively feeds back back on granulosa cells and androgens stimulate granulosa cells to produce oestrogen. This results in a high level of oestrogen which feeds back on the hypothalamus to cause a surge of LH and FSH production

34
Q

Where does the sperm and oocyte meet?

A

In the fallopian tube

35
Q

What type of abnormalities can occur in the fetal period of development?

A

Physiological disturbances

Minor morphological disturbances only

Hugh's MD1 Reproduction (18 decks)

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