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Hugh's MD1 Reproduction > Congenital and Perinatal Infections > Flashcards

Congenital and Perinatal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do with a mother who contracts a primary herpes simplex virus infection during pregnancy?

A

Administer acyclovir

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2
Q

What are some complications of primary chickpox infection?

A

Secondary bacterial infection

Pneumonitis

Cerebellar ataxia

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3
Q

How is chicken pox transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

Direct contact

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3
Q

How can you treat acute aplastic crisis in a foetus?

A

Intrauterine transfusion

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4
Q

What does anti-CMV IgG with high avidity indicate?

A

The infection has been present for a longer period of time - long enough for strong avidity to develop

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5
Q

What infections are screened by antenatally?

A

Rubella

Syphilis

Hep B and C

HIV

(VZV, CMV, Toxoplasma)

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6
Q

Is there anything to worry about with asymptomatic, neonatal CMV infections?

A

Yes, 10-15% develop long term deficits - classic neuro-sensory hearing loss - screened for

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6
Q

What is worse, congenitally or postnatally acquired CMV infection?

A

Congenital

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6
Q

What type of virus is rubella?

A

ssRNA

Enveloped

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6
Q

When is the risk of damage highest in congenital rubella syndrome?

A

Early on in pregnancy

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8
Q

What are the three most common defects caused by congenital varicella?

A

Cicatricial scarring (dermatomal)

Limb hypoplasia

Microcephaly, cataracts

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9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of rubella?

A

Low-grade fever

Occipital, posterior cervical, postauricular lymphadenopathy

Exanthem - widespread rash

Polyarthralgia / arthritis

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10
Q

For which disease do you get characteristic owl-eye viral inclusions?

A

CMV

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11
Q

Who receives VZIG?

A

Infants whose mother develops varicella 7 days prior or in the first month of life

Susceptable pregnant mothers

Premature babies

Immunocompromised

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11
Q

When is the varicella vaccine administered?

A

At 18months with the MMR booster

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12
Q

What are some outcome of syphilis infection in pregnancy?

A

Stillbirth

Premature delivery

14
Q

What is the incubation period of chicken pox?

A

10-21 days (average 14)

15
Q

How can you differentiate a primary vs reactivating CMV infection when IgM is found in both?

A

Look back at the antenatal screen for IgG

15
Q

German measles is another name for what?

A

Rubella

16
Q

What is the incubation period of rubella?

A

14-21 days

17
Q

How does parvovirus present?

A

Slapped cheek rash

Fever

Generalised macropapular rash on the body

Arthralgia

Acute aplastic crisis

18
Q

What stage of syphilis infection most likely to transmit to a foetus?

A

Primary

20
Q

How does maternal varicella present?

A

Respiratory symptoms for 2-5 days - including productive cough with haemoptysis

21
Q

What is the clinical course of chicken pox infection?

A

Fever, lethargy > Vesicular rash (clear vesicle > cloudy > rupture)

Over 2-6 days

23
Q

When is maternal varicella most dangerous?

A

When it occurs in the third trimester - 2% mortality

24
Q

How does post-partum cytomegalovirus infection present?

A

Hepatomegaly

Respiratory distress

Atypical lymphocytosis

25
Q

What type of virus is Varicella-Zoster Virus?

A

dsDNA

Icosahedral

Enveloped

27
Q

What is the mortality of perinatal varicella?

A

25-30%

29
Q

How is cytomegalovirus transmitted?

A

In the bodies secretions

Transplacental

Transplant tissue

29
Q

Why is acute aplastic crisis more likely in foetus’?

A

Because their RBCs have a shorter lifespan

30
Q

What is used to treat CMV infection?

A

Ganciclovir

32
Q

What are the classical triad of symptoms for rubella infection?

A

Ophthalmological - cataracts

Cardiac - PDA,

Auditory - sensorineural deficient

33
Q

How is rubella transmitted?

A

Nasopharyngeal secretions - highly infectious > 50-90% of susceptible individuals during an outbreak

34
Q

What type of vaccine is rubella?

A

Live attenuated

35
Q

In what period must primary maternal varicella infection occur for there to be a risk of perinatal varicella?

A

-7 to +2 from delivery

36
Q

What are perinatal infections?

A

Those acquired during birth

Hugh's MD1 Reproduction (18 decks)

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