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Gross II Unit 2 > Pericardium > Flashcards

Pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Fibroserous sac which encloses the heart and great vessels

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2
Q

What is the strong, dense outer part of the pericardium called?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

The fibrous pericardium layer blends with what features?

A

Central tendon of diaphragm and walls of great vessels that pierce it

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4
Q

What is continuous with the fibrous pericardium?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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5
Q

What is significant about the fibrous pericardium’s inability to stretch?

A

Acts as protective function to maintain position of the heart in the thorax (cardiac seatbelt)

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6
Q

What connects the fibrous pericardium to the back of the sternum?

A

Sternopericardial ligaments

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7
Q

What are the three “parts” of the serous pericardium?

A

Parietal layer, pericardial cavity, and visceral layer

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8
Q

What lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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9
Q

Which layer of the serous pericardium is slippery and secretes serous fluid?

A

Parietal layer of the serous pericardium

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10
Q

What is the potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium called?

A

Pericardial cavity

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11
Q

What should be the only contents of the pericardial cavity?

A

Serous fluid

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity?

A

Allows expansion and movement

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13
Q

What is the layer called that is adherent to the outer surface of the heart?

A

Visceral layer or epicardium

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14
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Spiral arrangement of cardiac muscle fibers of the heart

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15
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

The smooth endothelium which lines the inside of the heart

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16
Q

How many chambers are in the human heart?

A

4

17
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

When pressure builds up on the heart as a result of fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

18
Q

What can occur to the venous system during cardiac tamponade?

A

Venous return can be impeded

19
Q

What vein is particularly vulnerable with cardiac tamponade?

A

Superior vena cava

20
Q

What is a visual sign of cardiac tamponade?

A

The external jugular vein becomes prominent and eventually all veins of the face and neck become engorged

21
Q

Which pericardial sinus lies posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk, and anterior to the superior vena cava and left atrium?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

22
Q

Which pericardial sinus lies posterior to the heart and is surrounded by the left and right pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava?

A

Oblique pericardial sinus

23
Q

What is the most important artery involved in the blood supply to the pericardium?

A

Percardiacophrenic artery

24
Q

What are the arteries that make up the blood supply of the pericardium?

A

Pericardiacophrenic, bronchial, esophageal, and coronary arteries

25
Q

What is the only thing that the coronary arteries supply?

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

26
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerve

27
Q

What is the vasomotor innervation of the pericardium?

A

Sympathetic trunk

28
Q

What is the innervation of the pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerve, sympathetic trunk, and vagus nerve

29
Q

What does the phrenic nerve pass through?

A

Parietal pleura and fibrous pericardium

30
Q

Where can pericardial pain be felt?

A

Behind the sternum

31
Q

Which is less sensitive to pain: pleura or pericardium?

A

Pericardium

32
Q

What can distinguish pericardial friction rub from pleuritic?

A

Sounds disappear when breath is held with pleuritis

33
Q

What is significant of pericarditis?

A

Always serious and possibly life-threatening

Gross II Unit 2 (10 decks)

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