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Gross II Unit 2 > Larynx Intro > Flashcards

Larynx Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the larynx primarily made of?

A

Cartilage

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2
Q

What two things does the larynx connect?

A

Lower part of the pharynx to the trachea

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3
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Prevents passage of food into the airway during swallowing, regulates flow of air into the lungs, vocalization

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4
Q

How long is the larynx in an adult?

A

5cm

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5
Q

Along which vertebral levels does the larynx lie?

A

C3-C6

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6
Q

What are they six types of cartilages of the larynx?

A

Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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7
Q

What structure of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx is known as the “Adam’s apple”?

A

Laryngeal prominence (anterior median elevation)

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8
Q

What is the notch on top of the thyroid cartilage called?

A

Superior thyroid notch

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9
Q

What is the less defined notch located at the bottom of the thyroid cartilage called?

A

Inferior thyroid notch

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10
Q

What portion of the thyroid cartilage is attached to the greater horn of the hyoid bone?

A

Superior horn

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11
Q

Which portion of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage?

A

Inferior horn

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12
Q

What are the lateral walls of the thyroid cartilage called?

A

Laminae

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13
Q

What is located on the external surface of the thyroid cartilage laminae that provides attachment for the inferior constrictor, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid muscles?

A

Oblique line

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14
Q

What does “krikos” mean in Greek?

A

Ring

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15
Q

Which cartilage is located most inferior of all the laryngeal cartilages?

A

Cricoid

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16
Q

Which cartilage lies behind the root of the tongue and body of the hyoid bone?

A

Epiglottic

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17
Q

Which cartilage’s lower end is attached to the back of the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage by the thyroepiglottic ligament?

A

Epiglottic

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18
Q

Which cartilage is paired and pyramidal in shape?

A

Arytenoid

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19
Q

Which cartilage’s bases articulate with the lamina of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Arytenoid

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20
Q

What part of the arytenoid cartilage gives attachment to the vocal ligament (pointed part)?

A

Vocal process

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21
Q

What part of the arytenoid cartilage gives attachment to intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Muscular process

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22
Q

Which cartilage is paired and lie on the apices of the arytenoid cartilages, close to the aryepiglottic folds?

A

Corniculate

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23
Q

Which cartilage is a remnant of the embryologic arches?

A

Corniculate

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24
Q

Which cartilage is paired and lie in the aryepiglottic folds anterior to the corniculate cartilages?

A

Cuneiform

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25
Q

Which cartilage can appear ossified in x-rays thus resembling fracture fragments?

A

Cuneiform

26
Q

What are the two joints of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints

27
Q

Which joint is a synovial hinge joint between the side of the cricoid cartilage and the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage?

A

Cricothyroid

28
Q

What movement does the cricothyroid joint allow?

A

Rotation of the thyroid cartilage around a horizontal axis

29
Q

Which joint is a synovial joint between the upper border of the cricoid cartilage and the base of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Cricoarytenoid joint

30
Q

What movement does the cricoarytenoid joint allow?

A

Gliding and rotation of the arytenoid cartilage on the cricoid cartilage to move the vocal cords

31
Q

What are the five ligaments of the larynx?

A

Thyrohyoid, median cricothyroid, vocal, conus elasticus, quadrangular

32
Q

Which ligament extends from the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

A

Thyrohyoid

33
Q

Which ligament is pierced on each side by the internal laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal vessels?

A

Thyrohyoid

34
Q

Which ligament extends from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage?

A

Median cricothyroid

35
Q

Which ligament extends from the thyroid cartilage in front to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage behind?

A

Vocal

36
Q

Which ligament actively vibrates during speech?

A

Vocal

37
Q

What are the two other names for the conus elasticus?

A

Cricovocal membrane, lateral cricothyroid ligament

38
Q

Which ligament is a fibroelastic membrane which extends upward from the cricoid cartilage to the vocal ligament?

A

Conus elasticus

39
Q

The vocal ligament forms the free edge of which membrane/ligament?

A

Conus elasticus

40
Q

Which ligament connects the epiglottic cartilage to the arytenoid cartilage on each side?

A

Quadrangular membrane

41
Q

Which part of the quadrangular membrane forms the aryepiglottic ligament within the aryepiglottic fold?

A

Superior margin

42
Q

Which part of the quadrangular membrane forms the vestibular ligament within the vestibular fold?

A

Inferior margin

43
Q

What are the two pairs of folds found in the larynx?

A

Vestibular and vocal

44
Q

Which pair of folds is known as the false vocal cords?

A

Vestibular

45
Q

Which pair of folds is known as the true vocal cords?

A

Vocal

46
Q

Which pair of folds has a protective function by initiating the cough reflex and do not vibrate?

A

Vestibular

47
Q

Where do the vocal folds lie in relation to the vestibular folds?

A

Inferior and medial

48
Q

What do the vocal folds contain?

A

Vocal ligament and vocalis muscle

49
Q

What forms the bulk of the vocal fold?

A

Vocalis muscle

50
Q

What is the space between the vestibular folds called?

A

Rima vestibuli

51
Q

What is the space between the vocal folds called?

A

Rima glottidis

52
Q

What is the most narrow part of the laryngeal cavity?

A

Rima glottidis

53
Q

What does the glottis contain?

A

Rima glottidis and vocal folds

54
Q

What are the three cavities that are created by the vestibular and vocal folds (superior to inferior)?

A

Laryngeal vestibule, laryngeal ventricles, infraglottic cavity

55
Q

What cavity formed by the folds extends from the laryngeal inlet to the vestibular folds?

A

Laryngeal vestibule

56
Q

What cavity lies between the vestibular folds and vocal folds?

A

Laryngeal ventricle(s)

57
Q

What cavity formed by the folds extends from the vocal folds to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Infraglottic cavity

58
Q

What is the diverticulum within the laryngeal ventricle called that contains glands which lubricate the vocal folds?

A

Laryngeal saccule

59
Q

When hoarse, what is the status of the laryngeal saccule?

A

Its lubricant is partially depleted

60
Q

What is the proper term for inflammation of the vocal cords?

A

Laryngitis

Gross II Unit 2 (10 decks)

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