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Gross II Unit 2 > Muscles Of The Larynx > Flashcards

Muscles Of The Larynx Flashcards

0
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles that depress the larynx?

A

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

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1
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles that elevate the larynx?

A

Thyrohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus

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2
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the larynx is visible externally?

A

Cricothyroid

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3
Q

What is the origin of cricothyroid?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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4
Q

What is the insertion of cricothyroid?

A

Inferior horn and lower lamina of thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

What is the nerve supply for cricothyroid?

A

External laryngeal nerve

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6
Q

What is the function of cricothyroid?

A

Tilts thyroid cartilage downward or cricoid cartilage upward thereby tensing the vocal cords

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7
Q

What effect does the cricothyroid muscle have on pitch?

A

Increase

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8
Q

What is the origin of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply for the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Abducts the vocal folds

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12
Q

What is the neutral position of the vocal cords like and why?

A

Partially abducted to avoid the risk of suffocation during possible injury

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13
Q

What type of movement does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle allow?

A

External rotation

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14
Q

What is the origin of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

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16
Q

What is the nerve supply of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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17
Q

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Adducts the vocal folds

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18
Q

What type of movement does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle allow?

A

Internal rotation

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19
Q

What intrinsic muscle of the larynx is responsible for the action of whispering?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

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20
Q

What is the origin of the transverse arytenoid muscle?

A

Posterior surface of arytenoid cartilage

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the transverse arytenoid cartilage?

A

Posterior surface of opposite arytenoid cartilage

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply for the transverse arytenoid cartilage?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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23
Q

What is the function of the transverse arytenoid cartilage?

A

Adducts vocal folds

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24
Q

Which intrinsically laryngeal muscles function in coughing?

A

Transverse arytenoid and oblique arytenoid muscles

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25
Q

What is the origin of the oblique arytenoid muscle?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the oblique arytenoid muscle?

A

Apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage

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27
Q

What is the nerve supply of the oblique arytenoid muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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28
Q

What is the function of the oblique arytenoid muscle?

A

Adducts the focal folds

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29
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the larynx helps pull the epiglottis downward?

A

Aryepiglottic muscle

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30
Q

What is the origin of the aryepiglottic muscle?

A

Apex of the arytenoid cartilage

31
Q

What is the insertion of the aryepiglottic muscle?

A

Side of epiglottic cartilage

32
Q

What is the nerve supply of the aryepiglottic muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

33
Q

What is the function of the aryepiglottic muscle?

A

Closes the laryngeal inlet

34
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is a continuation of the oblique arytenoid and lies within the aryepiglottic fold?

A

Aryepiglottic muscle

35
Q

What is the origin of the thyroepiglottic muscle?

A

Inner surface of thyroid lamina

36
Q

What is the insertion of the thyroepiglottic muscle?

A

Lateral margin of epiglottis

37
Q

What is the nerve supply of the thyroepiglottic muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

38
Q

What is the function of the thyroepiglottic muscle?

A

Opens the laryngeal inlet

39
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle pulls the epiglottis upright?

A

Thyroepiglottic muscle

40
Q

What is the origin of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Inner surface of thyroid lamina

41
Q

What is the insertion of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

43
Q

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Shortens and relaxes vocal folds by drawing the arytenoid cartilages forward toward the thyroid cartilage

44
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is responsible for major drops in pitch?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

45
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is responsible for the “fine-tuning” control for the vocal cords?

46
Q

What is the origin of vocalis?

A

Inner surface of thyroid lamina

47
Q

What is the insertion of vocalis?

A

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

48
Q

What is the nerve supply of vocalis?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

49
Q

What is the function of vocalis?

A

Adjusts tension on the vocal cords during phonation

50
Q

What is phonation?

A

Sound production

51
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the larynx draws the arytenoid cartilage forward?

52
Q

Why are the vocal cords important during phonation?

A

They control the stream of air passing through the rima glottidis

53
Q

How is the size and shape of the rima glottidis altered during phonation and respiration?

A

By the movements of the arytenoid cartilages

55
Q

During inspiration, is the rima glottidis wide or narrow?

56
Q

During expiration and phonation, is the rima glottidis wide or narrow?

A

Narrow (and wedge-shaped)

57
Q

What determines the pitch (frequency) of the sound produced during phonation?

A

Degree of tension on the vocal folds

58
Q

Which muscle raises pitch during phonation by increased tension of vocal folds?

A

Cricothyroid

59
Q

Which muscle(s) lower pitch during phonation by decreased tension of vocal folds?

A

Thryoartytenoid and vocalis

60
Q

Is phonation a product of inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

61
Q

What determines voice dimorphism?

A

Length of vocal cords, size of resonating chamber, and thickness of vocal cords

62
Q

What is different about males that attributes to their typically lower voices?

A

Longer vocal cords, larger and deeper resonating chamber, thicker vocal cords

63
Q

What makes up the resonating chamber for phonation?

A

Larynx and pharynx

64
Q

Why do males have thicker vocal cords?

A

Androgen receptors

65
Q

What nerve is motor to all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

66
Q

What is the most important nerve of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

67
Q

What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve sensory to?

A

Mucosa of the larynx below the vocal fold

68
Q

What are the two branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Internal and external laryngeal nerves

69
Q

Which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is sensory to the mucosa of the larynx above the vocal folds?

A

Internal laryngeal

70
Q

What two structures piece the thyrohyoid membrane to enter the larynx?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery

71
Q

Which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is purely sensory?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

72
Q

Which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is purely motor?

A

External laryngeal nerve

73
Q

Which branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is motor to the cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles?

A

External laryngeal

74
Q

What two arteries make up the blood supply to the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

75
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal artery branch from?

A

Superior thyroid artery

76
Q

Where does the inferior laryngeal artery branch from?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

Gross II Unit 2 (10 decks)

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