Heart Part 2 Flashcards
What forms the foundation of each of the heart valves?
Fibrous rings (anuli)
What connects the fibrous rings together representing the strongest part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Left and right fibrous trigones
What makes up the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Anuli, fibrous trigones, and membranous part of the septal wall
Which arteries of the heart are prone to atherosclerotic plaques due to their low pressure system?
Coronary arteries
From where do the coronary arteries arise?
Aorta
Which coronary artery is long?
Right
What is known as the body’s natural pacemaker?
Sinuatrial node
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
Sinuatrial nodal artery, right marginal artery, and posterior inter ventricular artery
Which coronary artery always supplies the largest part of the heart?
Left
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery
What type of coronary artery dominance is present in 70% of individuals?
Right coronary dominance
Left coronary dominance is present in what percentage of the population?
30%
Myocardial infarction in the area of which artery usually results in the need for a pacemaker?
Right coronary artery
What does the right coronary artery usually supply?
Right atrium, most of right ventricle, diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle, posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum, and conduction system to proximal parts of right and left bundle branches
What does the left coronary artery usually supply?
Left atrium, most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, and anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
Why does the left coronary artery supply a larger portion of the heart’s tissue?
It supplies 2/3 of the interventricular septum and is overall larger
Where do anastomoses occur?
Between right coronary and circumflex arteries and between anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
What is the largest vein of the heart?
Coronary sinus
What are the five tributaries of the coronary sinus?
Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, posterior vein of the left ventricle, and oblique vein of the left atrium
What vein accompanies the anterior interventricular artery?
Great cardiac
What vein accompanies the posterior interventricular vein?
Middle cardiac
What vein accompanies the right coronary artery near the lower right margin of the heart?
Small cardiac
What vein is located to the left of the middle cardiac vein?
Posterior vein of the left ventricle
Which veins drain directly into the right atrium?
Anterior veins of the right ventricle
What are the smallest veins of the heart?
Venae cordis minimae
Where do the vena cords minimae drain?
Right atrium
What is atherosclerosis?
The deposition of lipid plaques on the inner walls of arteries
What is angina pectoris?
Substernal chest pain upon exertion
Why does angina pectoris occur?
Due to insufficient blood flow to heart tissue (ischemia)
Angina pectoris is a symptom of what?
Partial occlusion of coronary artery branches
What are the most common sites for a myocardial infarction?
Anterior interventricular artery (40-50%), right coronary artery (30-40%), and circumflex artery (15-20%)
What is significant about the innervation of the heart?
It has its own contractile mechanism and does not require a nerve supply to beat rhythmically
What is the purpose of nerve supply to the heart?
To alter the rate of beating
What is the innervation of the heart?
Cardiac plexus (Superficial cardiac plexus and deep cardiac plexus)
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart comes from which nerve?
Vagus
What is the chiropractic note on myocardial infarctions?
Subluxations in the T1-T4 region are frequently associated with them.
What is the sinuatrial node located?
Upper end of the crust terminals near the junction of the right atrium with the superior vena cava
