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Gross II Unit 2 > Heart Part 2 > Flashcards

Heart Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the foundation of each of the heart valves?

A

Fibrous rings (anuli)

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2
Q

What connects the fibrous rings together representing the strongest part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

Left and right fibrous trigones

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3
Q

What makes up the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

Anuli, fibrous trigones, and membranous part of the septal wall

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4
Q

Which arteries of the heart are prone to atherosclerotic plaques due to their low pressure system?

A

Coronary arteries

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5
Q

From where do the coronary arteries arise?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which coronary artery is long?

A

Right

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7
Q

What is known as the body’s natural pacemaker?

A

Sinuatrial node

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8
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

Sinuatrial nodal artery, right marginal artery, and posterior inter ventricular artery

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9
Q

Which coronary artery always supplies the largest part of the heart?

A

Left

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10
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery

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11
Q

What type of coronary artery dominance is present in 70% of individuals?

A

Right coronary dominance

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12
Q

Left coronary dominance is present in what percentage of the population?

A

30%

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13
Q

Myocardial infarction in the area of which artery usually results in the need for a pacemaker?

A

Right coronary artery

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14
Q

What does the right coronary artery usually supply?

A

Right atrium, most of right ventricle, diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle, posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum, and conduction system to proximal parts of right and left bundle branches

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15
Q

What does the left coronary artery usually supply?

A

Left atrium, most of left ventricle, part of right ventricle, and anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

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16
Q

Why does the left coronary artery supply a larger portion of the heart’s tissue?

A

It supplies 2/3 of the interventricular septum and is overall larger

17
Q

Where do anastomoses occur?

A

Between right coronary and circumflex arteries and between anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

18
Q

What is the largest vein of the heart?

A

Coronary sinus

19
Q

What are the five tributaries of the coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, posterior vein of the left ventricle, and oblique vein of the left atrium

20
Q

What vein accompanies the anterior interventricular artery?

A

Great cardiac

21
Q

What vein accompanies the posterior interventricular vein?

A

Middle cardiac

22
Q

What vein accompanies the right coronary artery near the lower right margin of the heart?

A

Small cardiac

23
Q

What vein is located to the left of the middle cardiac vein?

A

Posterior vein of the left ventricle

24
Q

Which veins drain directly into the right atrium?

A

Anterior veins of the right ventricle

25
Q

What are the smallest veins of the heart?

A

Venae cordis minimae

26
Q

Where do the vena cords minimae drain?

A

Right atrium

27
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

The deposition of lipid plaques on the inner walls of arteries

28
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Substernal chest pain upon exertion

29
Q

Why does angina pectoris occur?

A

Due to insufficient blood flow to heart tissue (ischemia)

30
Q

Angina pectoris is a symptom of what?

A

Partial occlusion of coronary artery branches

31
Q

What are the most common sites for a myocardial infarction?

A

Anterior interventricular artery (40-50%), right coronary artery (30-40%), and circumflex artery (15-20%)

32
Q

What is significant about the innervation of the heart?

A

It has its own contractile mechanism and does not require a nerve supply to beat rhythmically

33
Q

What is the purpose of nerve supply to the heart?

A

To alter the rate of beating

34
Q

What is the innervation of the heart?

A

Cardiac plexus (Superficial cardiac plexus and deep cardiac plexus)

35
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart comes from which nerve?

A

Vagus

36
Q

What is the chiropractic note on myocardial infarctions?

A

Subluxations in the T1-T4 region are frequently associated with them.

37
Q

What is the sinuatrial node located?

A

Upper end of the crust terminals near the junction of the right atrium with the superior vena cava

Gross II Unit 2 (10 decks)

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