Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gross II Unit 2 > Lymphatics of the Head & Neck > Flashcards

Lymphatics of the Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main function of the lymphatic system?

A

Transports large protein molecules from tissue fluid into the bloodstream, returns excess tissue fluid to bloodstream, produces lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Swellings found along the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

A

Produce lymphocytes, filter lymph thus preventing foreign bodies from entering bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of lymph vessels drain lymph to a node?

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of lymph vessels drain lymph from a node?

A

Efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a good way to remember which type of lymph vessel leaves a node?

A

Efferent = Exit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are lymph vessels always specific to a node?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between the enlargement of a gland or node topographically speaking?

A

Glands are wholesome enlargements while nodes are lumpy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three superficial nodes of the head?

A

Occipital, mastoid, and parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four superficial nodes of the neck?

A

Submandibular, submental, anterior cervical, superficial cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which lymph nodes are usually palpable?

A

Occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, submental, anterior cervical, superficial cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where can the occipital superficial nodes be found?

A

Where the trapezius muscle meets the sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where can the mastoid superficial nodes be found?

A

Behind the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where can the parotid superficial nodes be found?

A

In front of the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which superficial nodes of the neck must be palpated with less force and why?

A

Submandibular, highly vascular area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nodes form as a chain on the external surface of the sternocleidomastoid and follow the course of the external jugular vein?

A

Superficial cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are the deep cervical nodes not palpable?

A

Due to carotid sheath and being internal to the sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which nodes follow the course of the internal jugular vein?

A

Deep cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which node drains the tongue?

A

Jugulodigastric and jugulo-omohyoid nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which deep cervical node is found near the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

Jugulodigastric node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which deep cervical node is found near the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid?

A

Jugulo-omohyoid node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

All lymphatics of the head and neck drain directly or indirectly into which nodes?

A

Deep cervical nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What form the right and left jugular trunks?

A

Efferents of the deep cervical nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which jugular trunk drains into the junction between the internal jugular and subclavian veins?

A

Right jugular trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which jugular trunk drains into the thoracic duct?

A

Left jugular trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the largest lymph vessel in the body?

A

Thoracic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does lymph go after reaching the jugular trunks?

A

Bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is lymph moved throughout the system?

A

Skeletal muscular contraction

29
Q

Because skeletal muscle contraction is associated with lymph movement, what two things could be useful for preventing lymphatic issues?

A

Exercise (clears toxins from tissues) & massage

30
Q

What bodily system is useful for tracking the spread of cancer cells?

A

Lymphatic system

31
Q

What do afferents of the submental nodes drain?

A

Central portions of the lower lip, floor of mouth, and tip of the tongue

32
Q

What do afferents of the submandibular nodes drain?

A

Cheek, side of nose, upper lip, lateral part of lower lip, gums, and margin of the tongue

33
Q

What is the term for the spread of cancer via the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphogenous metastasis

34
Q

What is another name for a signal node?

A

Sentinel node

35
Q

What is a sentinel node?

A

An enlarged supraclavicular node, usually on the left side

36
Q

What is significant about sentinel nodes from a clinical viewpoint?

A

Often the first indication of a visceral tumor of the thorax or abdomen

37
Q

What is a lymphoma?

A

A primary tumor of the lymph nodes

38
Q

To what age do those with Hodgkin’s Disease usually live?

A

20s-30s

39
Q

To what age do those with non-Hodgkin’s Disease usually live?

A

Rarely past 2 years (poor prognosis)

40
Q

What does a tender or painful enlarged lymph node typically indicate?

A

Infection

41
Q

What does a hard and painless enlarged lymph node typically indicate?

A

Cyst development or cancer

42
Q

What is filariasis?

A

Parasitic infection of lymph nodes (worms)

43
Q

What three things make up a breast?

A

Mammary glands, fat, and fibrous tissue

44
Q

Between which ribs is the breast located?

A

Second and sixth

45
Q

Between what two features is the breast located?

A

Sternum and midaxillary line

46
Q

What is the midaxillary line?

A

A vertical line dividing the armpit into anterior and posterior halves

47
Q

Where is the nipple usually located in terms of ribs?

A

Fourth intercostal space

48
Q

What is the areola?

A

Ring of pigmented skin which surrounds the nipple

49
Q

What is the axillary process (tail)?

A

Portion of the breast which extends back into the armpit

50
Q

What part of the breast is a frequent site for cancer?

A

Axillary process

51
Q

What are the suspensory ligaments of the breast?

A

Strong fibrous septa which support the breast and which run through the breast from the skin to the deep layer of superficial fascia

52
Q

What type of gland is a mammary gland?

A

Modified sweat gland

53
Q

Where is the mammary gland located?

A

In the superficial fascia

54
Q

How much glandular tissue does each mammary gland possess?

A

15-20 lobes

55
Q

To where does each lobe of glandular tissue of the mammary gland open?

A

Onto the tip of the nipple through a lactiferous duct

56
Q

What is a lactiferous sinus?

A

An expansion of the lactiferous duct which serves as a reservoir for milk during lactation

57
Q

Why is it important to have more than one lactiferous duct?

A

In case of blockage

58
Q

What arteries make up the blood supply to the breast?

A

Internal thoracic, thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, and intercostal arteries

59
Q

What percentage of lymph from the breast drains into the axillary nodes?

A

75%

60
Q

To which four locations does lymph drain from the breast?

A

Axillary nodes, parasternal nodes, nodes of the opposite breast, and nodes of the anterior abdominal wall

61
Q

What is the most common female cancer?

A

Breast

62
Q

Before entering the bloodstream, where does breast cancer spread to?

A

Lymphatics

63
Q

Where does breast cancer typically spread to first?

A

Axilla

64
Q

To where do the posterior intercostal veins drain?

A

Azygos and hemiazygos veins

65
Q

How does breast cancer spread to the vertebral column and brain?

A

Through connections to the vertebral venous plexus

66
Q

What are the three clinical signs of breast cancer?

A

Dimpling, inverted nipples, leathery thickening of skin

67
Q

Why does dimpling occur in breast cancer?

A

Due to invasion of suspensory ligament

68
Q

Why do inverted nipples occur in breast cancer?

A

Due to invasion of lactiferous ducts

69
Q

What is the a big chiropractic note about breast cancer?

A

It is one cause of midthoracic back pain in females

Gross II Unit 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions