Perianal conditions

Question 1

What are haemorrhoids?

Answer 1

Enlarged vascular cushions in the lower rectum and anal canal

Question 2

How do haemorrhoids present?

Answer 2

Painless bleeding
Fresh, bright red blood on the paper
Perianal itch

Question 3

What are the two kinds of rectal prolapse?

Answer 3

Partial (anterior mucosal prolapse)

Complete (full thickness)

Question 4

How do you treat haemorrhoids?

Answer 4

Sclerotherapy - Injection of almond oil and 5% phenol to shrink blood vessel
Rubber band ligation
Open/stapled haemorrhoidectomy
HALO/THD procedure

Question 5

What is the HALO/THD procedure?

Answer 5

Surgeon uses ultrasound to find the vessels causing the piles and is able to tie them off precisely causing minimal damage

Question 6

How do rectal prolapses present?

Answer 6

Protuding mass from anus
Bleeding and mucus is common
PR shows poor anal tone

Question 7

What is an anal fissure?

Answer 7

A tear in the anal margine due to passage of constipated stool

Question 8

How do anal fissure present?

Answer 8

Acute onset of anal pain usually following an episode of consipation
Bright red rectal bleeding

Question 9

What is a fistula in ano?

Answer 9

Abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces

One internal opening with one or more external fistula