Pancreas Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of pancreatic disease?
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic tumours
What can cause pancreatitis?
Biliary disease Pancreatic tumours Alcohol Infection Hyperparathyroidism Hyperlipoproteinaemia Trauma Drugs Iatrogenic Inflammatory
How can you diagnose severe acute pancreatitis?
PaO2 55years Neutrophils WBC>15x10^9/l Calcium 16mmol/l Enzymes AST/ALT>200iu/L Albumin Sugar Glucose>10mmol/L
What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?
Epigastric/Abdominal pain with/without radiation to the back Nausea/emesis Indigestion Tenderness Anorexia/weight loss Pyrexia Jaundice
What local complications can arise from acute pancreatitis?
Fluid collection Pseudocysts Abscess Necrosis Ascites Pleural effusion
What systemic complications can arise from acute pancreatitis?
Pulmonary failure Renal failure Shock Sepsis Metabolic acidosis Hyperglycaemia Hypoglycaemia
What can cause chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol abuse
What complications can arise from pancreatitis?
Splenic vein thrombosis Pseudoaneurysms Pancreatic cancer Pleaural effusion Pancreatic ascites Bile duct or duodenal obstruction Pseudocyst
What is the correct name for exocrine pancreatic cancer?
Adenocarcinoma - Occurs in head, body or tail
What are the 3 types of endocrine pancreatic cancer?
Gastrinoma
Insulinoma
Glucagonoma
What are the symptoms of pancreatic cancer?
Jaundice, weight loss, back/abdo pain
What are the risk factors for pancreatic cancer?
Smoking Drinking Charred meat Obesity Diabetes
What is the first line investigation for pancreatic cancer?
Ultrasound
How can you stage pancreatic cancer?
T: Grading based on size
N: has the cancer spread to the lymph nodes?
M: Has the cancer metastasised?
What does the whipple procedure remove?
The head of the pancreas
