Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal > Liver Function > Flashcards

Liver Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to macrophages with the the sinusoidal spaces in the liver?

A

Kuppfer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder inbetween meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is bile released?

A

When there is chyme present in the duodenum, cholecystikinin is released which opens the sphincter of oddi releasing bile into the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is bile acidic or alkali?

A

Alkali

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do hepatocytes secrete?

A 
Hepatic bile
Lipids and phospholipids
Cholestrol
IgA
Bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the precursor of bilirubin?

A

Porphyrin component of haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to urine and faeces if bilirubin is present?

A

Urine darkens and stools become pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can metabolism affect drugs?

A

Can convert drugs into polar metabolites so they can be exrcreted via the renal system

Convert drugs so that they become active metabolites

Convert drugs to metabolites with a different mechanism of action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two main phases of drug metabolism?

A

Phase 1 - Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis

Phase 2 - Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of the two phases of drug metabolism?

A 
Drug = Asprin
Phase 1 converts it to...
Derivative = Salicylic acid
Phase 2 converts it to...
Conjugate
Glucoronide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the monooxygenase cycle.

A

Drug enters as drug substrate (RH)
Oxygen provides two atoms of oxygen
One of which is added to the substrate to yield the hydroxyl product (ROH)
The other combines with protons to form H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of two substances that are subject to phase 2 reactions in the liver (Glucoronidation)

A

Bilirubin

Adrenal corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 main plasma proteins produced by the liver?

A

Albumin
Alpha globulins
Beta globulins
Theta globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do plasma proteins do?

A

Maintain osmotic pressure
Transportic hydrophobic substances
Act as pH buffers
They have enzymatic and immune activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common plasma protein?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What promotes the production of albumin?

A

Insulin

17
Q

How much albumin is produced a day?

A

14g

18
Q

Give an example of a drug that albumin is good at transportin

A

Asprin

19
Q

How is iron transported around the body?

A

Transported as ferric ion Fe3+ bound to transferrin

20
Q

How is copper transported around the body?

A

Ceruloplasmin

21
Q

What are the 5 types of lipoproteins?

A 
Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
IDL
HDL
22
Q

Where do chylomicrons originate?

A

Intestine

23
Q

Where do VLDLs originate?

A

Liver

24
Q

Where do IDLs originate?

A

VLDLs

25
Q

Where do LDLs originate?

A

VLDLs/IDLs/Liver

26
Q

Where do HDLs originate?

A

Intestine and liver

27
Q

What do chylomicrons do?

A

Transport of exogenous fat to liver

28
Q

What do VLDLs do?

A

Transport of endogenous fat to peripheral cells

29
Q

What do IDLs do?

A

LDL precursor

30
Q

What do LDLs do?

A

Transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues

31
Q

What do HDLs do?

A

Reverse cholesterol transport
Removes excess cholesterol from cells
So that it can be transported back to liver to be synthesised

32
Q

Which vitamins does the liver store?

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12

33
Q

What are the main sites of cholesterol synthesis?

A

Liver

Also; intestine, adrenal cortex and gonads

34
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cholesterol?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

35
Q

What are the products of cholesterol?

A

Vitamin D
Steroid hormones - Corticosteroids, androgens and estrogens
Bile salts

36
Q

What is the level of cholesterol at which there is a risk of atheroma formation?

A

4.1mmol/L

Gastrointestinal (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions