Anatomy Flashcards
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
SAD PUCKER
- *S**uprarenal gland (adrenals)
- *A**orta/IVC
- *D**uodenum (2nd and 3rd part)
- *P**ancreas (apart from tail)
- *U**reters
- *C**olon (ascending and descending)
- *K**idneys
- *E**osophagus
- *R**ectum
What are the muscles involved in guarding?
Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Parietal peritoneum
What is the role of the omenta?
Divides the peritoneal cavity into a greater sac and lesser sac.
How does the greater sac and lesser sac of the peritoneum communicate?
Through the omental foramen
Where does the portal triad lie?
The free edge of the lesser omentum
What is the other name of the pouch of douglas and where is it?
The retro-uterine pouch
How many pouches do women and men have in their pelvic area?
Men have one (Rectovesical)
Women have two (Rectouterine and uterovesical)
Which sac are the pouches of the pelvis part of?
The greater sac
What is the role of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?
They are the pre-ganglionic nerve fibres of the sympathetic system that supply the abdominal organs
What is the role of the vagus nerve?
It is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the foregut and midgut.
Excluding the descending colon and pelvic organs etc.
What is the role of the pelvic splanchnic nerve?
It is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the pelvic organs descending &sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal.
Where do the pain fibres of the foregut enter the spinal cord?
T6-T9
Where do the pain fibres of the midgut enter the spinal cord?
T8-T12
Where do the pain fibres of the hindgut enter the spinal cord?
T10-T12
What are the 3 midline branches of the abdominal aorta?
The celiac trunk
Superior Mesenteric artery
Inferior Mesenteric artery
At which level on the spine do the sympathetic nerve fibres for the adrenal gland leave?
T10-L1
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
Hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
What are the 4 main blood vessels that supply the stomach
Left and right gastric arteries
Left and right gastro-omental arteries
What are the 4 anatomical segments of the liver?
Right lobe
Left lobe
Quadrate lobe
Caudate lobe
How many functional liver segments are there?
8
There is no relationship between the 4 lobes and the 8 segments
What are the two main peritoneal cavities near the liver?
Hepatorenal recess (Morison’s pouch) (inferior) Subphrenic recess (superior)
Which vessel drains blood into the hepatic portal vein from the foregut?
Splenic vein
Which vessel drains blood into the hepatic portal vein from the midgut?
Superior mesenteric vein
Which vessel drains blood into the hepatic portal vein from the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric vein
Which blood vessels from the liver drain into the IVC? And where does the IVC drain to?
The hepatic veins drain into the IVC which takes the blood to the right atrium
What is the name of the ligament thats attach the liver to the diaphragm?
The coronary ligaments?
What is the name of the ligament which splits the right and left lobe and attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
The falciform ligament
Name the different parts of the biliary tree starting from the liver.
Right and left hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Gall bladder
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Pancreatic duct
Ampulla of vater
Sphincter of Oddi
2nd part of the duodenum
What are the four sections of the pancreas?
Head, neck, body and tail
What are the 4 sections of the duodenum?
Superior, descending, inferior, ascending
Which ribs protect the liver and spleen?
Liver 7-11
Spleen 9-11
What is the name for the folds of the small intestine?
Plicae circularis
What are the main lymph nodes in the abdomen?
Celiac (foregut organs) Superior mesenteric (midgut organs) Inferior mesenteric (hindgut organs) Lumbar (kidneys, posterior abdo wall, pelvis and lower limbs)
Where does the arterial and venous blood of the liver mix?
Sinusoids (fenestrated capillaries)
What are your gonads?
Sex glands
