Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs 2800 > Perfusion Patho > Flashcards

Perfusion Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Output equation

A

CO = SV x HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

Amount of blood pumped from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

% of blood leaving heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can effect Preload

A

Stretch the blood places on ventricles when max filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effects preload

A

venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After load

A

resistance against the heart
inverse of cardiac output (low afterload high cardiac output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Frank - starling effect

A

more stretch more contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can affect after load

A

arthrosclerosis - increase afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Perfusion in Pregnancy

A

heart enlarges
increased workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Perfusion can effect the gut giving what symptoms

A

N/V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do people cough when lungs aren’t profused according to nursing school

A

pulmonary edemaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

modifiable risk factors for perfusion issues

A

Smoking (vasoconstriction)
HTN (increased afterload)
obesity (increased strain)
Physical inactivity
Diabetes (Leads to narrowing of vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors of perfusion issues

A

sex
age
famiily hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

Creatine kinase
CK isoenzymes
Troponin T and Troponin 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lipid profile for perfusion is used for

A

a risk assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BNP brain (b-type) natriuretic peptide

A

monitor and help dx Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Homocysteine

A

endothelial damage in the lining of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypertension stages

A

Normal <120/80
Elevated BP 120-129/<80
Stage 1: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2: >140/>90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Primary hypertension

A

Primary is no other reason causing HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secondary Hypertension

A

HTN that is caused by other disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for

A

coronary heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Untreated or poorly treated HTN

A

organ damage and athrosclerosis
stroke doubles everytime SYS doubles
retinopathy

23
Q

Symptoms of HTN

A

usually asymptomatic need more to dx

24
Q

how dx HTN

A

2 bp checks at least a week a part
family hx
focused medical hx

25
Q

Treatment

A

TLC
Drug therapy

26
Q

Pharm 1 line Treatment for HTN

A

ACE
ARB
Calcium Channel blockers
Thiazide diuretics

27
Q

Black people 1st line treatment for HTN

A

Calcium Channel blockers or thiazide
Only use 1 (mono

28
Q

Goal of therapy in general for HTN

A

keep BP below 130/80

29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

thickening or hardening of the arteries large and small

30
Q

Risk factors

A

cholesteral
male until women reach menopause
HTN
metabolic syndrome (have a couple of these (apple shaped, cholesterol issues, diabetes)
cigarette smoking

31
Q

CAD definition

A
  • narrowing or occlusion of 1 or more coronary arteries
    -Once it narrows results in angina pectoris
  • occlusion = MI
32
Q

Etiology of CAD

A

Atherosclerosis with plaque within the walls cannot dilate when the myocardium demands more o2

33
Q

Causes angina

A

ischemia to the heart
* exercise
* mental stress
* hyperthyroidism (Tachycardia)
* heart failure (myocardium thickens and increases tension)
* HTN

34
Q

Angina literally means

A

suffocation of the chest - heart doesn’t have pain receptors (enzymes, substance P, travel to nearby pain receptors)

35
Q

Types of angina

A

Stable (during increased effort stop and it goes away)
unstable (doesnt go away and can appear during rest)
variant/vasospastic (prinzmetals) - spasm in coronary artery causing ischemia during rest
Silent - myocardial ischemia without pain

36
Q

Variant/vasospasm

A

can happen at the same time each day and is treated different (chronic)

37
Q

Peripheral Vascular Disorders (PVD)

A

over arching term including vascular diseases
- DVT
- PAD
- PVD

38
Q

Symptoms of PVD Arterial

A

Narrow artery ischemia and necrosis
cool legs
weak pulses
pain from ischemia

39
Q

“VEINY” venous symptoms of PVD

A

V - voluptuous pulses warm legs
E - Edema from blood pooling
I - irregular shaped sores
N - no sharp pain (achy pain)
Y - yellow and brown ankles

40
Q

ARTS Acronym

A

A - absent or weak pulses and hair
R - Round, Red sores (RUBOR!!!!!!) usually on feet heels or lateral ankles pressure sores
T - toes and feet are pale (ischemia) and black (necrosis
S - sharp pain in calf

41
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease etiology

A

Atherosclerosis is an important cause
sAME RISK FACTORS ARE SIMILAR TO ATHEROSCLEROSIs (didn tmean to cap)

42
Q

Manifestations of PAD

A
  • Intermittent claudication (pain upon walking due to ischemia in muscle)
  • paresthesia (numbness and tingling
  • shiny tight and bald skin
  • thickening toenails
  • absent pulses
  • elevation pallor
  • Dependent rubor
  • prolonged cap refill and cool extremities (duh)
  • rest pain (really bad)
  • ulceration and gangrene
43
Q

When do you notice pain in PAD

A

at 50% occlusion

44
Q

diagnosing PAD

A

Doppler ultrasound/ palpation of lower extremity pulses
- ankle brachial index (measure pulse)
- exercise tolerance testing
- arteriography/angiogram
-invasive, but great results

45
Q

treatment of PAD

A

Decrease considerable cardiovascular risk
reduce symptoms

46
Q

Methods to treat PAD

A

manage risk factors
antiplatelet
protect affected tissue

47
Q

Peripheral venous disease

A

not getting enough blood back from extremities

48
Q

Etiology of Venous disorders (3 diseases)

A

VTE/DVT
Incompetent valves
Vericose veins

49
Q

VIrchows triad

A

venous stasis (physical)
endothelial injury (trauma)
being hypercoagulable (medical)

50
Q

Who is at the greatest risks

A

people with the most riskfactors and symptoms wins

51
Q

manifestations in Chronic venous insufficiens

A

Venous ulcers (yuk) in the gaiter area

52
Q

Dx of venous

A

doppler (duplex something
Contrast phlebography
-venography

53
Q

arterial ulcers are

A

deep dry and painful

54
Q

complications of venous ulcers

A

gangrene, critical limb ischemia, infection/sepsis all can lead to amputation

Nurs 2800 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions