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Nurs 2800 > Cancer and Antibiotics Pharm > Flashcards

Cancer and Antibiotics Pharm Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemotherapty

A

use of chemical against invading organsims

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2
Q

Antibiotics

A

A chemical that is produced by one mibcrobe and can harm other microbes

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3
Q

Book definitions for antibiotics

A

Chemical that can inhibit the growth of specific bacteria or cause the death of susceptible bacteria

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4
Q

Anti-infective/ Anti-microbial drug

A

Any agent that can kill or suppress pathogens and is classified based on the type of organism they treat

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5
Q

anti neoplastic aka

A

chemotherapy

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6
Q

pathogens are

A

Micribes that cause human disease

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7
Q

Pathogen that cause disease categories

A

bacteria, viruses, fungus, parasites, protozoa and worms

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8
Q

exotoxins

A

proteins release by bacteria into surrounding tissues that can inactivate or kill host cells

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9
Q

endotoxins are

A

harmful non-protein chemicals that are part of the outer layer of the normal cell wall of gram negative bacteria. they are released after the bacteria die and cause inflammation, fever and chills

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10
Q

classify bacteria criteria

A

cell walls (GRAM STAINING!! :D)
shape (bacillli or cocci)
oxyten utilization (anaerobic vs aerobic)

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11
Q

Which bacteria (positive or negative) are harder to treat with antibiotics

A

Negative

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12
Q

4 general sources with HAI

A

patient flora
invasive devices (vent)
medical personnel ( us)
medical environment

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13
Q

anti-infectives are created in 3 ways. What are they

A

using living microorganism
synthetic manufacturing
genetic engineering

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14
Q

Bacterialsidal means

A

homicidal medications - out right kill the bacteria

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15
Q

bacteriostatic means

A

Slows down baccterial grown allowing for the body to eliminate the microoransim

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16
Q

Classification of anti-infectives

A

MOA
Chemical class (what we will focus on)
Spectrum

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17
Q

MOA of anti-infectives

A

inhibits
1 cell wall synthesis
2 protein synthesis
3 nucleic acid synthesis
4 metabolic pathways

Disrupts plasma membranes

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18
Q

Chemical class of anti-infectives

A

refer to the fundamental chemical structure shave by a group of anti-infectives

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19
Q

broad spectrum vs narrow spectrum

A

broad kills a bunch of stuff, narrow less specific

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20
Q

why are anti-infectives not hurtful to the host’s cell walls

A

different cell walls and process of which cellular metabolism happens

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21
Q

how to select antibiotics

A

someone grabs a culture to show what is growing, then the sensitivity will show what will work if the bacteria are not resistant

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22
Q

Can some antibiotics cause birth control to become ineffective?

A

yeaaaaa. tetracycline is notorious

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23
Q

empiric antimicrobial therapy is

A

the “most likely” microbiological etiology on the clinical presentation.. how we fucking got these superbugs

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24
Q

Prophylactic use of antimicrobials and what circumstances would you use this

A

agents given to prevent infection rather than to treat an established infection

  • specific types of surgery
  • prosthetic heart valves - gets them for literally everything like even going to the dentist (endocarditis)
  • neutropenia/ suppressed immun system
  • dog bites
  • retroviral (HIV)
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25
Which antibiotics promote resistance
broad spectrum antibiotics because it wipes out the competition
26
mechanisms of drug resistance (5)
destruction of the drug prevention of the drug entry into the pathogen pump changes alters drugs target site development of alternative metabolic pathways
27
CDC delaying emergence of drug resistance
vaccinate take catheters out (#1 source of infections) target pathogens (culture etc) access the experts (literally the people who studied this fucking stuff - not GP or NP) practice antimicrobial control use data treat infection not contamination treat infection not colonization know when to say no to vanco stop treatment when infection is cured or unlikely (prescribe for the appropriate amount of time) isolate the pathogen break the chain of contagion
28
***EDucation for antibiotics
dont discontinue prematurely, complete full prescription, take at evenly spaced intervals, watch for adverse effects like superinfections
29
how do people misuse antibiotics
trying to treat an untreatable infections (like a virus) treatment of an idiopathic fever improper dose don't treat prophylactic omission of surgical drainage
30
when old people and kids are sick, they are more sensitive to what adverse effects
GI and CNS effects... so check yo fuckin' dose
31
monitoring of antimicrobial treatment
clinical responses and lab results frequency of monitoring is direct ratio to how bad the infection is reduction of symptoms serum drug levels for toxicity monitor for SUPERINFECTION
32
most common route of people getting anaphylaxis from antibiotics
parentral
33
penicilins MOA
Weaken and destroys cell wall is a bactericidal
34
cephalosporins MOA
cause baccteria to build weak cell walls when dividing bacteriostatic or bactericidal dependind on the dose
35
Carbapenems MOA
inhibits cell membrane synthesis bactericidal
36
Vancomycin MOA
Weakens and destroy the cell walls Bactericidal
37
Adverse effects of penicillins
Gi Symptoms, superinfections, allergic reactions
38
Penicillin ending
cillin
39
what kind of spectrum is penicillin used for
Broad spectrum and most effective against gram positive bacteria
40
Carbapenems end in
peneum
41
carbapenems Adverse effects
GI n/v diarrhea, CNS and confusion, seizures, hallucinations, superinfection only through IV site
42
Vancomycin route and adverse effects
routes IV, po. Renal failure ototoxicity (tinnitus) red-person syndrome - IV too fast and body releases histamine, but its not a histamine. (anaphylaxis with rashe and flushing on face and neck) thrombophlebitis - rotate those IV sites
43
vancomycin is usually used with
MRSA so it is restricted to severe infections weight based dosing need serum levels so monitor peak and trough
44
antibiotics that affect bacterial protein synthesis
tetracyclines macrolides aminoglycosides
45
tetracyclines are used for
chlamydia skin infections TB
46
adverse effects with tetracyclines
photosensitivity and rash teeth and bones no one under the age of 8
47
contraindications and interactions with tetracycline
food decreases absorption especially milk calcium, iron, mag, aluminum, dairy, antacids decreases the effect of oral contraceptives
48
macrolides prototype erythromycin routes
PO, topical, ophthalmic, IV
49
Adverse effects of macrolides or the mycin
Cardiotoxicity and ventricular dysrhythmias (IV) Ototoxicity, superinfections (yeast infections) GI issues (so normally enteric coated) warfarin gets inhanced
50
Macrolides or mycin treat what kind of bacteria
Gram + bacteria, and are broad specturm
51
Aminoglycosides prototype is gentamicin what are the routes
IM, IV, intrathecal, topical
52
what are aminoglycosides or micins adverse effects
bone marrow suppression, impaired balance, BLACK BOX WARNING: ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity permanently
53
Fluoroquinolones prototype is ciprofloxacin what do they all end in
floxacin
54
MOA of fluoroquinolones
inhibits DNA replication and cell division by inhibiting the enzymes bactericidal
55
fluroquinolones adverse effects aka ciprofloxacin
tendontoxicity photosensitivity cardiotoxicity BLACKBOX warning Risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture
56
sulfonamides prototype (TMP-SMZ) is used for
broadspectrum and is commonly used for a UTI
57
MOA of sulfonamides or TMP-SMZ
inhibit synthesis of folic acid
58
Adverse effects of Sulfonamides or TMP-SMZ
GI, Skin reactions, bone marrow suppression, kernicterus (Jaundice that is fatal so no one under 2 months or pregnant women), Crystalluria and renal damage
59
remember to tell people that are taking sulfa meds
to drink 3 liters of water a day and have 1500 mL output because of crystalluria
60
contraindication and interactions
pregnancy, breastfeeding, children less than 2 months,, folate deficiency, severe renal impairment. Caution: elderly for CNS Interacts with warfarin, potassium sparing diuretics, postassium supplements
61
metronidazole adverse effects
N/v dry mouth, headache, neurotoxicity, BLACKBOX WARNING: cancer in lab animals
62
metronidazole treats
peptic ulcer disease and infections caused by obligate anaerobic bacteria causes harmless darkening of urine
63
antimycobacterials are used for
TB, atypical mycobacterial infections (leprasy, secondary infections to HIV and AIDS)
64
prophylactic treatment of TB
2 drugs for 2 months
65
MOA of anti tubercular drugs
inhibits cycobacterium cell wall and or dna rna synthesis
66
ACTIVE TB 1ST LINE DRUGS FOR TREATMENT (TEST)
RIPES Rifampin ** (red orange tint to body fluids and decreases effectiveness to oral contraceptives) Isoniazid (INH related peripheral neuropathy is treated with vitamin b6) Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Streptomycin
67
Antivirals are
used with very few viral infections because they dont work on many
68
Antiretroviral treatment for HIV
HIV targets T4 lymphocytes using reverse transcriptase to make viral DNA. SO antiretrovirals block this synthesis
69
why using antiretroviral medications for pregant women
can reduce baby getting hiv by 70% when it is delivered they take from week 14 to week 34 then IV during labor, and newborn takes antiretroviral for 6 weeks following deliver and has to be given with in 48 hours of birth
70
PrEP
preexposure prophylaxi of HIV infection
71
what is PEP and when shoud it start
Post exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection and should be started 24 - 36 hours after exposure to an HIV+ patient

Nurs 2800 (16 decks)

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