Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nurs 2800 > Intestinal And Rectal Disorders > Flashcards

Intestinal And Rectal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Tenesmus

A

Ineffective and sometimes painful straining and urge to eliminate feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Constipation

A

fewer than 3 BM weekly or bowel movements that are hard dry small or difficult to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fissure

A

Normal or abnormal fold, grove or crack in body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conservative treatment for anal fissure

A

Fiber supplements, stools softener, bulk agents, increase water intake, and sitz baths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are bulk agents

A

Bulking agents are various natural polysaccharides (usually of plant origin) that are poorly broken down in digestive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does bulk agents help with diarrhea and constipation

A

Indigestible and Hydrophilic so water absorbs into them while in colon. Creates a gel like mass-> this extends colony and triggers parastatals and you poop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adverse effects of bulk forming laxatives

A

-Bloating and toots (bacterial colonization from sitting in colon)
-obstruction in immobile patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Toxic Megacolon

A

Inflammation extend into the muscularis - inhibits ability to contract and results in colon distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms of toxic megacolon

A

Fever, abdominal pain, distention, vomiting and fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rumbling and gurgling noise in belly made by digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vomiting results in which acid base imbalance?

A

Metabolic alkalosis
- loss of H ion chloride (HCl) and potassium from stomach leading to reduction of chloride and potassium in blood leading to metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Labs for appendicitis

A

WBC: usually > 10,500 in appendicitis
C reactive protein: elevated within 12 hrs of symptoms maybe normal after 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Paralytic ileus occurs in appendicitis when

A

After rupture - then you see abdominal distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peritonitis manifestations

A

Tenderness, more pain upon movement, distended and muscles become rigid (maybe rebound tenderness.

N/V, anorexia, and the peristalsis is diminished then paralyzed (paralytic ileus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IBD diet to reduce inflammation and why

A

Low residue, high calorie, high protein diet (with supplemental vitamins and iron replacement to meet nutritional needs)
Reduce size and number of stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Food to avoid for IBD in attempt to reduce inflammation

A

Yogurt (high residue), fruit (high residue), salami (high fat), peanut butter (high residue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Residue is

A

Undigested food that creates stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actual measurement of “regular BM)

A

Stool consistency and client comfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intussusception of the bowel is

A

One part of the intestine telescopes into another portion of intestine
Shortens, cuts off blood supply- more common in babies than adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Volvulus is

A

Bowel that twists and turns onto itself and occludes blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Result of volvulus

A

Intestinal lumen becomes obstructed. Gas and fluid accumulate in trapped bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adhesion

A

Intestinal obstruction (most common in SI) where loops of intestine adhere to an area that is healing slowly after surgery

Fibers that adhere during the healing can kink the healthy tissue that need to move during digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anorecral abscess

A

Infection in the area near the anus or rectum - follows path of least resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who is most likely to get anorectal abscess?

A

Crowns and AIDS patients basically shine who is severely immunosuppressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cause of anorectal abscess

A

Obstruction of anal gland with dried debris causing a retrograde infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anorectal abscess can lead to

A

Fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dietary instructions for patient experiencing constipation

A

At least 2 L/day fluid intake
Prune or apple juice
Regular meals
Record of diarrhea (see if anything they ate irritate their bowels)

28
Q

Medical management of peritonitis

A

fluid, electrolyte, and colloid replacement
Intravenous solution = several liters isotonic solution for hypovolemia

29
Q

Bulk forming laxative meds

A
  • Metamucil
  • Psyllium hydrophilic Mucilloid
  • Wheat dextrin
30
Q

Large and greasy stool is indicative of

A

Intestinal malabsorption

31
Q

Watery stools are characteristic of disorders in the

A

Small bowel

32
Q

Loose, semisolid stools are associated more with

A

Large bowel issues

33
Q

Crohns patients that are losing weight will most likely need parenteral nutrition because

A

They have impaired ability to ingest or absorb food orally or enterally

34
Q

Mucus and pus in stool indicate what disease/condition

A

inflammatory enteritis or colitis (ulcerative)

35
Q

digital exams should be conducted for and at what time frame

A

Detecting colorectal cancer
- annually
- after 40

36
Q

CEA test is what and why

A

“Carcinoembryonic Antigen”
Is a tumor marker basically because this is usually only found in tissues of baby’s in the womb

  • blood (or fluid) test for patients who already have been treated for cancer.
  • monitors response to treatment and can detect metastasis or recurrence
37
Q

Proctosigmoidoscopy is what and is recommended when

A

A proctoscope that is about 6 inches long used to look in anus and rectum for tumors, polyps, bleeding or inflammation

  • at 50
  • every 3-5 years
38
Q

Regional enteritis aka

A

Crohn’s disease

39
Q

General overview of Crohn’s disease

A
  • Clustered ulcers take on cobblestone appearance
  • characterized by remissions and exacerbations
  • pain in lower right quadrant
  • lesions are not continuous and are separated by normal tissue
40
Q

Signs of IBD

A

-Mild diarrhea
- sometimes fever and ABD discomfort

41
Q

Colorectal cancer signs

A
  • bloody stools
  • no abdominal discomfort
42
Q

Signs of diverticulitis

A

Chronic constipation
Occasional diarrhea
N/V
Abdominal distention

43
Q

Liver failure signs

A

Jaundice
Coagulopathies
Edema
Hepatomegaly

44
Q

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A

Pancreatic tumors
- Hyperacidity due to tumors secreting gastrin in duodenum then it inactivates pancreaticsecretions

Oily shit
More prone to ulcers (ulcer diathesis)

45
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Oily stool
From an increase in fat excretion

46
Q

Stimulant laxative meds

A

Bisacodyl
Senna

47
Q

Saline agent medication

A

Magnesium hydroxide

48
Q

Lubricant laxatives

A

Mineral oil
Glycerin suppository

49
Q

Osmotic agent

A

Polyethylene glycol
Sodium and potassium electrolytes

50
Q

Chloride channel activator

A

Lubiprostone

  • used for chronic opioid constipation with no cancer and not pregnant
  • don’t use for more than 4 weeks
51
Q

Serotonin-4 receptor agonist

A

Prucalopride

  • for chronic idiopathic constipation
  • mimics nervous poops without cardiac adverse effects
52
Q

Empty an ileostomy every

A

4-6 hours

53
Q

Tenesmus is most related to

A

Ulcerative colitis
BUT is in bowel disorders as well

54
Q

Crohn’s hurts on the

A

Lower Right quadrant

55
Q

Ulcerative colitis tends to hurt on the

A

Left

56
Q

Priority assessments for IBD in general

A
  • Pain
  • poop patterns
  • PO intake (absorption dehydration)
57
Q

Crohn’s and Ulcerative colitis differences

A

UC: doesn’t effect the muscle layer, poop more (like 4-20x/day), watery poop because colon is not absorbing water, nutritional deficiency due to peristalsis is in hyperdrive

Crohn’s: can affect muscle layer, does not have malabsorption

58
Q

Treatment for IBD

A
  1. Rest bowel (less pooping)
  2. Control inflammation/combat infection
  3. Correct malnutrition/ nutrition therapy
  4. Alleviate stress
  5. Relieve symptoms
  6. Improve quality of life
59
Q

Labs for IBD

A

CBC
hgb/hct, WBC, CRP (c reactive protein)

60
Q

Causes of ulcerative colitis

A

Genetic predisposition
Environmental factors (smoking, infection, drugs, stress, medications)

61
Q

Symptoms of UC

A
  • Urgent diarrhea (mild lower abdominal cramps then increased urgency, blood/mucus in stools)
  • Bloody stool
  • Pain in LLQ
62
Q

Treatment for UC

A
  • Treat anemia
  • malnutrition
  • dehydration
63
Q

Crohn’s disease usually found in small intestines but can inflame in what segment of gi tract

A

Any segment in the GI tract - mouth to butt. Most common in the terminal ileum and ascending colon

64
Q

Terminal ileum is located

A

Last part of small intestine that connects to the cecum (first part of the large intestine)

65
Q

Crohn’s signs inside

A

Cobblestone appearance
Can cause fistulas

Nurs 2800 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions