Perfusion Part 5 - Brain Injuries Flashcards
Injury in the brain results in: (3)
- Bleeding.
- Ischemia.
- Inflammation.
Why is injury in the brain particularly dangerous? (What does it lack? What does that mean it can or cannot do?)
Neurons lack centrioles, meaning CNS cells do not regenerate and necrosis will result in permanently decreased function.
What are 2 clinical manifestations of brain injury?
- NVS (VS + PERRLA): can use GCS
2. Neurological deficits related to affected areas
What is Cushing’s Triad?
Low HR
Low RR
Widened pulse pressure (difference between systolic & diastolic)
What is Cushing’s Triad an indicator of?
Increased intracranial pressure.
What is ischemia?
Decreased delivery of O2.
What is hypoxia?
Decreased O2 levels in tissues.
What is hypoxemia?
Low levels of O2 in the blood.
What are the 3 types of cerebral edema?
- Vasogenic.
- Cytotoxic.
- Combination.
Vasogenic cerebral edema is a result of:
The BBB being compromised.
What are 3 possible causes for a compromised BBB?
- Head injury.
- Hematoma.
- Hemorrhage.
What are the 4 steps leading up to vasogenic cerebral edema?
- BBB compromise.
- CNS infection.
- Inflammation.
- Increased permeability.
Why does hematoma compromise BBB integrity?
The blood causes an increase in pressure against the BBB.
Cytotoxic cerebral edema is caused by:
Increased intracellular fluid shift.
Which type of cerebral edema would we see sudden onset of Cushing’s Triad in?
Cytotoxic.
What are the 2 types of CVA?
- Ischemic.
2. Hemorrhagic.
What are the 2 types of CVA?
- Ischemic.
2. Hemorrhagic.