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N216 A/B > Perfusion Part 2 - Fluids > Flashcards

Perfusion Part 2 - Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

__% of body fluid is H2O

A

60

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2
Q

__% of H2O is stored in the ICF meanwhile __% of H2O is stored in the ECF

A

40, 20

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3
Q

Out of the H2O in the ECF, __% is in the interstitial fluid while __% is in plasma

A

16, 4

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4
Q

What organ is the primary regulator of fluid output?

A

Kidneys

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5
Q

What are some examples of fluid balance issues/losses?

A
  • Vomiting

- GI bleeding

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6
Q

Upper GI bleeding results in bloody ____ while lower GI bleeding results in bloody ____

A

vomit, stool

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7
Q

What are 4 meds that can contribute to GI bleed?

A
  1. Antiplatelets
  2. Anticoagulants
  3. Thrombolytics
  4. NSAIDs
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8
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Concentration of solute in an osmotic solution

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9
Q

What is the expected osmolality?

A

275-295 mOsm/kgH2O

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10
Q

Dehydration ____ osmolality meanwhile overhydration ____ osmolality

A

increases, decreases

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of tonicity for IV fluids?

A
  1. Isotonic
  2. Hypertonic
  3. Hypotonic
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12
Q

Rank [isotonic], [hypertonic] & [hypotonic] in terms of concentration:
____ < plasma = ____ < ____

A

hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

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13
Q

RBCs in a hypertonic solution will ____ versus in hypotonic solutions, where they will ____

A

shrink, swell

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14
Q

If a fluid has high protein content, it will be __tonic in the bag but __tonic in the body

A

iso, hyper

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15
Q

If a fluid has high dextrose content, it will be __tonic in the bag but __tonic in the body

A

hyper, iso

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16
Q

The estimated amount of water an adult needs is: __ mL/kg/day

A

35

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17
Q

An adult need 50-100g/day of ____ to limit starvation ketosis

A

glucose

18
Q

Explain the 4/2/1 rule and which patient group its most often used for

A

Pediatric patients:
4ml/kg/hr for 1st 10kg of body weight
2ml/kg/hr for 2nd 10kg of body weight
1ml/kg/hr for remaining 10kg of body weight

19
Q

Define resuscitation

A

Replenishing deficits

20
Q

Colloids are ____ based meanwhile crystalloids are ____ based

A

protein, water

21
Q

What does NPO mean?

A

Nothing by mouth

22
Q

What are 4 examples of isotonic fluids?

A
  1. Lactated Ringer’s
  2. Normal Saline (0.9%)
  3. Albumin (5%) [colloid]
  4. Dextran 40 [colloid]
23
Q

What type of fluid is used to treat hypovolemic shock?

A

Colloid

24
Q

Describe the movement of colloids when in circulation

A

Stay in circulation (proteins are too big to cross membrane)

25
Q

Describe the movement of crystaloids when in circulation

A

Move between ICF & ECF easily

26
Q

What is the best resuscitation fluid choice for adults?

A

NS (0.9%)

27
Q

What are 2 side effects of long term use of NS (0.9%)

A
  • Hypokalemia

- No dextrose

28
Q

NS (0.9%) is composed of:
154 mEq __
154 mEq __

A

Na

Cl

29
Q

LR contains ____ electrolytes compared to NS

A

more

30
Q

LR is composed of:
4 mEq __
2.7 mEq __
Na, Cl & lactate

A

K

Ca

31
Q

What are 3 side effects of LR?

A
  • Hyperkalemia
  • No dextrose
  • High lactate
32
Q

What are 6 examples of hypertonic fluids?

A
  1. D5NS
  2. D5LR
  3. D10W
  4. D5 1/2NS
  5. NaCl (3%)
  6. Albumin (25%) [colloid]
33
Q

NaCl (3%) is used to treat ____ injury by lowering ____ pressure

A

head, intracranial

34
Q

D5 1/2NS is __tonic but becomes __tonic in the body

A

hyper, iso

35
Q

__% albumin is hypertonic meanwhile __% albumin is isotonic

A

25, 5

36
Q

D5 means:

A

50 mEq of dextrose

37
Q

What are 2 side effects of D5 1/2NS?

A
  • Cellular dehydration

- Hyponatremia

38
Q

What is the 1st choice maintenance fluid for pediatrics?

A

D5 1/2NS

39
Q

Caution is needed with albumin (25%) because it adds . times its volume of additional fluid

A

3.5

40
Q

What are 4 examples of hypotonic fluids?

A
  1. 0.45 NaCl
  2. D5W
  3. 3.3% dextrose, 0.3% sodium (2/3 1/3)
  4. D5 0.2% NaCl
41
Q

What is hypernatremic dehydration?

A

Increased sodium and decreased water

42
Q

What type of fluid is used to treat hypernatremic dehydration?

A

Hypotonic, without sodium (ex: D5W)

N216 A/B (26 decks)

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