[216B] Anesthesia (Zoom Lec) Flashcards
Define anesthesia.
Sedation of a pt for a medical procedure/intervention.
List the 4 types of anesthesia. Which are systemic?
- Local anesthesia.
- Regional anesthesia.
- General anesthesia: systemic.
- Monitored anesthesia care (MAC): systemic.
Is it possible to administer regional anesthesia systemically?
Yep :)
MAC is sedation at ____ levels to maintain the pt’s ___ without __________ them.
low; vitals; intubating.
Local anesthetics are also known as:
Sodium channel blockers.
Describe the mechanism of action for local anesthetics.
Block Na+ influx into neurons > no action potential/depolarization = no communication of sensory info to brain.
Do local anesthetics affect the efferent or afferent nervous system?
Both c:< but depending on the drug, it may have more affinity for one pathway vs the other.
Local anesthetics are lipo_____, meaning they have a:
lipophilic = high VD.
Which now-street drug was the original local anesthetic?
Cocaine :D
Cocaine ________ dopamine, resulting in:
increases = CNS stimulation.
Which 3 routes of admin may be used with local anesthetics?
- Topical.
- Infiltration (SC injection into tissue).
- Nerve block (SC injection near a large nerve bundle).
List 3 adjunct medications for local anesthesia.
- Epinephrine (adrenalin).
- Sodium bicarbonate.
- Opioids.
Why is epinephrine a good adjunct medication for local anesthesia? (2)
- Localized vasoconstriction = bleeding control.
2. Increased duration of action for the anesthetic.
Why is sodium bicarbonate a good adjunct medication for local anesthesia?
Alkalization of tissue in case of bacterial environment.
Epidurals are a form of _______ anesthesia.
Local.
How do we verify the location of our epidural injection?
Check that there is no CSF return in the needle.