Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aviation > Performance And Limitations > Flashcards

Performance And Limitations Flashcards

0
Q

What flight condition will result in the four forces being equal?

A

Straight and level in accelerated flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the four dynamic forces that act on an airplane durning all maneuvers?

A

Thrust
Lift
Gravity
Drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is airfoil? State some examples.

A

A shape that creates lift

Wings, props, vertical tail surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an angle of incidence?

A

Measure by which the wing is attached to the fuselage. Fixed measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is relative wind?

A

Relative airflow with respect to the wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the angle of attack?

A

Angle of the wing chord line and direction of the relative wind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Bernoulli’s Principle?

A

High pressure seeks low pressure.

Airfoil is shaped so that air flow increases in velocity above the wing creating low pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are several factors that with effect both lift and drag?

A 
Wing area
Shape of an airfoil
Angle of attack
Velocity of air
Air density
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is torque effect?

A

The engine and prop creating force in one direct creates a force moving in the opposite direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What effect does torque direction have on the airplane on the ground and in flight?

A

Tendency to roll to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the for factors that contribute to torque effect?

A

Engine power
Thrust from prop striking the tail
Asymmetrical p-factor
Gyroscopic procession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is centrifugal force?

A

Equal and opposite force of the airplane to the change in direction and acts equal and opposite to horizontal component of lift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is load factor?

A

Force of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

For what two reasons is load factor important to pilots?

A

Stressing of the airframe, causing breaks.

Increase in stall speeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What situations can lead to an increase in load factor being reached or exceeded?

A

Level turns
Turbulence
Speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different operational categories are the for aircraft and under which does your aircraft fall?

A

Normal
Utility
Aerobatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define the term maneuvering speed.

A

Maximum speed at which abrupt control movement can be applied or which airplane can be flow through turbulence without exceeding load factor limits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Discuss the effect of maneuvering speed of an increase or decrease in weight.

A 
Increase = slower maneuvering speed
Decrease = faster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What causes an airplane to stall?

A

Exceeding critical angle of attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a spin?

A

Result of an uncoordinated stall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the procedure to recover from an inadvertent spin? PARE

A

Power - idle
Ailerons - neutral
Rudder - full opposite
Elevator - briskly forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes adverse yaw?

A

Undesired veering in the opposite direction of a turn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is ground effect?

A

Condition of improved performance when operating close to the ground. Experienced just before a flare should be implemented when landing

23
Q

What major problems can be caused by ground effect?

A

During landing: significant float distance if any excess airspeed.
During takeoff: aircraft may seem to be capable of takeoff below the recommended speed. Take extra note if high temperature, gross weight, or density altitude.

24
Q

Define empty weight.

A

The weight of the aircraft itself, including all fluids except for usable fuel and oil.

25
Q

Define gross weight.

A

Maximum allowable weight of both the airplane and it’s contents

26
Q

Define useful load.

A

Weight of the pilot, copilot, passengers, baggage, usable fuel, and drain able oil.

27
Q

Define arm.

A

Horizontal distance in inches from the reference datum line to the center of gravity of the item

28
Q

Define moment.

A

Product of weight and arm of an item. Pounds/inches.

29
Q

Define center of gravity

A

Point where aircraft should balance if suspended from that point. Inches from datum.

30
Q

Define datum

A

Imaginary vertical plane from which all measurements of arm are taken. Established by manufacturer.

31
Q

What basic equation is used in all weight and balance problems?
WAM

A

weight x arm = moment

Arm (CG) = (total) moment / (total) weight

32
Q

What performance characteristics will be adversely affected when an aircraft has been overloaded? Name at least 4.

A 
Higher takeoff speed
Longer takeoff run
Reduced rate and angle of climb
Lower maximum altitude
Shorter range
Reduced cruising speed
Reduced maneuverability
Higher stalling speed
Higher landing speed
Longer landing roll
Excessive weight on nose wheel
33
Q

What effect does a forward center of gravity have on an aircraft’s flight characteristics?

A

Higher stall speed
Slower cruise speed
More stable
Greater back elevator required

34
Q

What effect does a rearward center of gravity have on an aircraft’s flight characteristics?

A

Lower stall speed
Higher cruise speed
Less stable

35
Q

What are the standard weights assumed for the following when calculating weight and balance:

Crew and passengers
Gasoline
Oil
Water

A

People - 170 lbs
Gasoline - 6 lbs/gal
Oil - 7.5 lbs/gal
Water - 8.35 lbs/gal

36
Q

What are some of the main elements for aircraft performance? At least four.

A 
Takeoff and landing distance
Rate of climb
Ceiling
Payload
Range
Speed
Fuel economy
37
Q

What factors affect the performance of an aircraft durning takeoffs and landings?

A 
Air density
Surface wind
Runway surface
Slope of runway
Weight
38
Q

What affect does wind have on takeoff?

A

Headwind - better performance caused by increased air flow over the wing
Tailwind - decrease in performance in takeoff distance and angle of time.

39
Q

What affect does wind have on landings?

A

Headwinds - increased performance by steepening approach angle and reducing landing distance.
Tailwinds - decreased performance by decreasing the approach angle and increasing landing distance.

40
Q

What affect does wind have on cruise flight?

A

Headwinds - decreased performance, reducing ground speed and increasing fuel requirements
Tailwinds - increased performance, increasing ground speed and reducing fuel requirements.

41
Q

What affect does an increase in density altitude have on takeoff and landing performance?

A

Increased takeoff distance
Reduced rate of climb
Increased true airspeed on approach and landing
Increased landing roll distance

42
Q

Define the term density altitude.

A

Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

43
Q

How does air density affect aircraft performance?

A

Lift produced by wings
Power output by engine
Propeller efficiency
Drag forces

44
Q

What factors affect air density?

A

Altitude - higher = less dense
Temperature - higher = less dense
Humidity - higher = less dense

45
Q

What is Vs0?

A

Stall speed in landing configuration.

46
Q

What is Vs1?

A

Stall speed in clean configuration

47
Q

What is Vy

A

Best rate of climb speed

48
Q

What is Vx?

A

Best angle of climb speed

49
Q

What is Vle?

A

Maximum landing gear extension speed

50
Q

What is Vlo?

A

Maximum landing gear operating speed

51
Q

What is Vfe?

A

Maximum flap extension speed

52
Q

What is Va?

A

Maneuvering speed

53
Q

What is Vno?

A

Normal operating speed

54
Q

What is Vne?

A

Never exceed speed

Aviation (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions