Airplane Systems Flashcards
How are the various flight controls operated?
Manually through a rod or cable system.
Elevators and ailerons through control wheel
Rudder through pedals
What are the four main control surfaces and what are their functions?
Elevators - controls pitch
Ailerons - controls roll
Rudder - controls yaw
Trim tabs - helps alleviate pressure on the main control
What are flaps and what is their function?
Movable panels on the inboard trailing edges of the wings.
Permits a slower airspeed and steeper angle of descent.
Describe the landing gear system.
Tricycle type system
Tubular string steel shock absorption
Air/oil shock strut nose wheel.
Describe the braking system.
Hydraulically actuated disc-type brakes on each main gear wheel.
How is steering accomplished on the ground?
Through the use of the rudder and brakes.
What four strokes must occur in each cylinder of a typical four stroke engine in order for it to produce full power?
Hint: ICIE
Intake
Compression
Ignition/Power
Exhaust
What does the carburetor do?
Mixes vaporized fuel and air in the correct proportions
How does the carburetor heat system work?
Carburetor heat valve allows unfiltered, heated air from a shroud located around an exhaust riser to be directed to the induction air manifold prior to the carburetor.
What changes occur to the fuel/air mixture when applying carburetor heat?
Introduction of heated air allows a richer mix.warm air is less dense, resulting in less air for the same amount of fuel.
What does the throttle do?
Allows the pilot manual control of the amount of fuel/air charge entering the cylinders. This regulates the engine speed and power.
What does the mixture control do?
Regulates the fuel-to-air ratio.
Describe a fuel injection system installed in some aircraft.
Injects fuel directly into the cylinders, or just ahead of the intake valve.
What type of ignition system does your aircraft have?
Two engine-driven magnetos and two spark plugs per cylinder. They are independent from the electrical system.
What parts make up a fuel injection system?
Fuel pump Fuel/air control unit Fuel manifold valve Discharge nozzles Auxiliary fuel pump Fuel pressure/flow indicators
What are two main advantages of a duel ignition system?
Increased safety; failure of one magneto.
More complete and even combustion of mixture, improving performance.
What type of fuel system does your aircraft have?
Gravity feed system.
What purpose do fuel tank vents have?
Replaces used fuel with outside air, preventing a vacuum. Without it decreased fuel flow and eventually engine stoppage would result.
Does your aircraft use a fuel pump?
No, fuel is fed to the engine by the gravity feed system.
What type fuel does your aircraft require (minimum octane rating and color)?
Approved fuel rating is 100LL with blue coloring.
Can other types of fuel be used if the specified grade is not available?
Engines are designed to use a specific grade of fuel. If not available it is recommended to use the next higher grade as a substitute. Always consult the aircraft’s AFM/POH
What color of dye is added to the following fuel grades: 80 100 100LL Turbine
80 - Red
100 - Green
100LL - Blue
Jet A - colorless or straw
If a non-turbine piston engine powered airplane is accidentally fueled with JET-A fuel, will it start?
Yes, but will fail due to a detonation ruining the engine.
What is the function of the manual primer, and how does it operates?
To provide assistance in starting the engine. Draws fuel from the fuel strainer and injects it directly into the cylinders.
Describe the electrical system on your aircraft?
28-volt, direct-current system powered by an engine driven 60-amp alternator and a 24-volt battery
How are the circuits for the various electrical accessories within the aircraft protected?
Circuit breakers or fuses. Circuit breakers can be reset.
What does the ammeter indicate?
Indicates flow of current, I amperes, from the alternator to the battery of from the battery to the electrical system.
What function does the voltage regulator have?
Monitors system voltage, detects changes, and makes adjustments to maintain a constant regulated system voltage.
Why is the generator/alternator voltage output slightly higher than the battery voltage?
Difference in voltage keeps the battery charged.
How does the aircraft cabin heat work?
Fresh air, heated by an exhaust shroud, is directed through a series of ducts.
How does the pilot control temperature in the cabin?
Mixing outside air (cabin air control) with heated air (cabin heat control) in a manifold near the cabin firewall.
What are the five basic functions of aircraft engine oil?
LCRSC
Lubricates - engine’s moving parts
Cools - engine by reducing friction
Removes - heat from the cylinders
Seals - between the cylinder walls and pistons
Cleans - off metal and carbon particles and other contaminants.
What causes carburetor icing, and what are the first indications of its presence?
Vaporization of fuel causes a sudden cooling of the mixture. First indication is loss of RPM. With constant speed propellers, the first indication is a drop in manifold pressure.
What method is used to determine that carburetor ice has been eliminated?
A drop in RPM when heat is first applied. If ice is present there will be a rise in RPM and some engine roughness. Engine should run more smoothly once ice is removed.
What conditions are favorable for carburetor icing?
21C and 80% relative humidity but can occur at 38C with 50% relative humidity.
Define anti-icing equipment and state at least 3 examples.
Prevents ice from forming on certain protected surfaces. Heated pitot tubes and static ports Carburetor heat Heated fuel vents Heated wind shields
Define deicing equipment and state at least three examples.
Removes ice that has already formed on protected surfaces.
Limited to pneumatic boots on the wing and tail leading edges.
Describe how an aircraft deicing system works.
Boots attached to the wing leading edges inflate with air to break off accumulated ice.
If an airplane has anti-icing and/or deicing equipment installed, can it be flown into icing conditions?
One should never go looking for icing conditions. Such equipment should be used when accidentally flying into icing conditions.