Perciforms Flashcards
Understand the overwhelming diversity of the Order
Perciformes
largest order of vertebrates, ~41% of all bony fish, dominate shallow, marine habitats
Discuss how Suborder Percoidei (many gamefishes), Labroidei
(known for feeding adaptations), and Gobiodei (many
occupy coral reefs) comprise ¾ of described fish species in the perciformes
ctenoid scales
Sciaenidae (drums and
croakers)
many make sound
Labridae (wrasses)
largest marine family; sharp, heavy teeth in front of mouth; cleaves that pick parasites off of other species
Scaridae
(parrotfishes)
ecosystem engineers, subtropical and tropical fish associated with coral reefs, scrape attached vegetation or chunks of coral
Cichlidae (cichlids)
important freshwater fish, found everywhere, egg and larvae thieves, fake death by laying motionless on their sides
Understanding the overwhelming diversity of the order Perciformes (Perch Like Fishes)
“Largest order of vertebrates
40% of all bony fish”
Sub Order: Percoidei
Many Game fishes
Black Bass , Sunfishes, Snappers, Drums, Croakers, Butterfly Fish , Grunts
Sub Order: Labroidei
Known for feeding adaptations (eating algae on coral)
Wrasses
Parrot fish
Damsel + Anemones
Sub Order: Goboidei
Many occupy coral reefs
Gobiidae Gobies
smallest species (Giant goby)
What Sub Orders comprise of 3/4 of described fish species
Centrarchidae
Labroidei
Gobioidei
Family: Centrarchidae
Black Bass
Sunfish
Family: Sciaenidae
Drums & Croakers
Sound producing fish family!
Silver Perch
Atlantic Croaker
Red Drum
Black Drum
Family: Haemulidae
Grunts
French grunt makes sound
changes when older also
Family: Lutjanidae
Snappers
Local Red Snapper
Family: Chaetodontidae
Butterfly Fish
Four eye fish predator adaptation used for camo
Family: Labridae
Wrasses
Slippery Dick
Family: Scaridae
Parrot Fish
Cocoon themselves in slime for predatory protection
Coral reef fish have different phases for camouflage
Juveniles change phases to adults using chromatophores
Family: Pomacentridae
Damsel + Anemones
Beaugregory fish
Yellow Tail Damsel
Juvenile: Blue
Intermediate: Blue with Yellow tail
Adult: Yellow
Family: Trachinadae
Some are venomous like the
Lesser Weever
who has a venomous spine of 1st dorsal fin and gills
and burrows in the sand with eyes out for protection
Suborder: Trachinoidei
Lesser weavers
Sand lancers
Family: Ammodytidae
Sand Lancer
Important for humpback whale food chain!
Family: Blenniidae
Blennies
Red lip Blenny
Sub Order : Blennioidei
Coral Reef fishes
Blennies
Stargazers
Family: Dactyloscopidae
Stargazers
have loure and burrow in the ground
Sub Order : Nototheniodei
Antarctic Adaptations
Antarctic Dragonfish
Ice Fish
Family: Channichthyidae
Ice Fish
Famous for Lacking hemoglobin!
Family: Bathydraconidae
Antarctic Dragonfish
Use glycoproteins as an antifreeze to withstand freezing cold temperatures
Sub Order: Gobesocidae
Clingfish
like octopus
very cute!
Sub Order: Gobioidei
Family: Gobiidae
(Gobies)
Smallest species
Giant Goby
Sub Order: Acanthuroidei
Family: Acanthuridae
(Surgeons and Tangs)
Common and colorful
Blue tangs are yellow when juvenile and Blue as adults
Ocean Surgeon fish
Sub Order: Scombroidae
Barracudas
Tuna + Mackerels
Swordfish
Billfish + Black Marlin + Blue Marlin
Family: Sphyraenidae
Barracudas
Flexible
Slim body
Adapted to swim in coral reefs
Family: Scombridae
Tuna and Mackerels
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna
Recreational and Commercial Fishing
Family: Xiphiidae
Swordfish
Xiphias Gladius (gladius= sword)
Special organ that heats Brain + eye area which improves sight
Family: Istiophoridae
Billfish + Black Marlin + Blue Marlin
Rough rounded bill
retain scales and teeth as adults
Sub Order: Stromateoidei
Family: Nomeidae
Man-O-War + Drift fishes
get protection from jellyfish and adapted to not get stung for symbiotic relationship
Sub Order: Anabatoidei
Family: Belontiidae
Sciamees Fighting Fish
Betta Fish
M- Vibrant colors
F- Dull in color
Sub Order: Channoidei
Family: Chonnidae
Snake Heads
Massive
Invasive species
Top predators
