Pepe1 - Nov/Dec 2020 revd 19-12-20/part on 2,3,4,8,16Jan,7,9,24Feb,30mar

Question 1

How long does it take to get to the cabin from here? How far is it?

Answer 1

¿Cuánto tiempo se tarda en llegar a la cabaña desde aquí? ¿Qué tan lejos está? (IT IS LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION ESTAR!)

Question 2

The old ladies do not like them. The old lady does not like it.

Answer 2

A las viejas no les gustan. A la vieja no le gusta.

Question 3

Most think the effects are equal.

Answer 3

La mayoría piensa que los efectos son iguales.
(DO NOT SAY LOS MAS!)
not subjunctive with pensar in a positive statement

Question 4

two translations
survey/poll - interview
surveyor - interviewer
surveyee - interviewee

Answer 4

la encuesta think in question la entrevista
encuestador-a entrevistador-a
encuestado-a entrevistado-a
remember those who ask the most questions have more letters in their name, encuestador, entrevistador, has an r on it (encuestador is longer)

conTADOR = accountant/bookkeeper

Question 5

imperative
You (tú) correct me!
You (ud) correct me!

Answer 5

¡Corrígeme! (tu) same as 3rd person singular
¡Corríjame! (ud.) from yo corrijo -drop o add ending, to from the subjunctive

affirmative tu command same as 3rd person sing , present tense, EVERY THING else is same as subjunctive
affirmative ud command ir changes to a
affirmative commands PN attached to end
negative commands PN attached after no
ONLY 1st person singular and present subj g changes to j , yo corrijo then since this is the base for present subjunctive everything in present subj changes g to j

Question 6

The unemployment rate is very high.

The unemployment rate is twenty-five percent.

Answer 6

El índice de desempleo es muy alto.
La tasa de desempleo es del veinticinco por ciento.

desempleado = unemployed

usually after de the second noun doesn´t need an article if it pertains to the first - la tienda de zapatos

Question 7

at least

Answer 7

al menos, por lo menos, como mínimo

a menos que = unless

Question 8

Because now 14% of adults (18 and older) smoke.

Answer 8

Porque ahora EL 14 por ciento de los adultos (de 18 años y más) fuman.
use el with percent
adults - think those of 18 years and more

Question 9

It amazes/astonishes me how much he has improved.
It amazes/astonishes me how much he has improved.
I was amazed to see so many museums.

Answer 9

Me asombra lo mucho que ha mejorado. asombrar a uno-alg gustar conjugation
BUT
Me asombro DE lo mucho que ha mejorado. regular conjugation with DE
also asombrarse DE inf
Me asombré de ver tantos museos. (asombrarse de inf, regular conjugation)

Question 10

In comparison with Mona, Kim is tall.

Compared to Mona, Kim is tall.

Answer 10

En comparación con Mona, Kim es alto.
Comparado con Mona, Kim es alto. (Comparado con is a phrase - in comparison to/ with)

comparar - to compare
comparación - noun

Question 11

I was amazed/astonished at the size of her “bra”.

I am amazed/astonished at the size of her “bra”.

Answer 11

Me asombró el tamaño de su “bra”. su sostén, el brasier (LA) - think it sustains something, tee hee (Trans could be: the size of her bra amazed me.)
Me asombra el tamaño de su “bra”.
asombrarse conjugated like gustar - the size amazes me.
Estoy asombrada por el tamaño de su sostén.

Question 12

I corrected you (tú, ud, them).

I correct you (tú, ud, them).

Answer 12

Te corregí. this is preterite tense
Lo corregí.
Los corregí.
Te corrijo. this is present tense
Lo corrijo.
Los corrijo.
1st person present tense (yo corrijo) and all present subjunctive (yo corrija) all use J not G, otherwise, all use g
corregir is conjugated in present and preterite like pedir
I corrected who? answer is a DO, lo, la, los, las

Question 13

There´s about a 2.5 percent difference between the (female) (survey) respondents and the (male) (survey) respondents.

Answer 13

Hay como un 2,5 por ciento de diferencia entre las encuestadas y los encuestados.
encuesta=survey/poll

think the DOOR is opened by the interviewers to let the other in, so encuestador is the interviewer and encuestado is the interviewee

Question 14

They said that the coronavirus worries them a lot.

Answer 14

Dijeron que el coronavirus les preocupa mucho.

Question 15

The land they bought was close to the river.

Answer 15

La tierra que compraron estaba cerca del río.

LOCATION is estar - era is ser

Question 16

Is this what you understood?

Is this what you (have) understood?

Answer 16

¿Esto es lo que entendiste? used in LA
¿Esto es lo que has entendido? more in Spain
both actually mean is this what you understood.

Question 17

We bought a 4-hectare plot of land that we’re going to build a farm on.

Answer 17

Compramos una parcela de tierra de cuatro hectáreas sobre la que vamos a construir una finca.
sobre la que - upon which
en la que - in which

Question 18

what is left for us to learn

Answer 18

lo que nos queda por aprender

with quedarse you almost always use por

Me quedan muchos problemas por resolver. (I have many problems left to solve.)

Question 19

That experience taught me about prejudice.

Answer 19

Esa experiencia me enseñó sobre los prejuicios.

Question 20

When I am at the cabin, there is no one to bother me. (two translations)

Answer 20

Cuando estoy en la cabaña, no hay nadie para molestarme.

Cuando estoy en la cabaña, no hay nadie que me moleste. (change of subject joined by que so subjunctive)

Question 21

there is a problem
there would be a problem if
there would have been a problem if

Answer 21

• Hay un problema. present tense
• Habría un problema si… simple conditional WOULD
• Habría habido un problema si: this is conditional perfect (conditional simple plus past participle of haber: haber=HAVE BEEN, past participle of haber=habido) = WOULD HAVE BEEN this is like haber as in existence of something - just like hay -
• there…have been
• it is NOT habría sido, which is also would have been but is different , like habría sido más barrato - it would have been cheaper

no such thing as habría haber because it is conditional plus past participle!

Question 22

the table of contents, index, rate

the rate, tax, fee

Answer 22

el índice
la tasa (used more in México)

tax also is el impruesto
fine = la multa

Question 23

to tell an anecdote

Answer 23

contar una anécdota

Question 24

Almost half of the population is obese.

Answer 24

Casi la mitad de la población es obesa.

Question 25

15%

Answer 25

el quince por ciento

Question 26

In 2019, 25% had had at least one drink per month.

Answer 26

En 2019, el 25% había tomado/tenido al menos una bebida por mes.
al mínimo = to a minimum (at the least), also por lo menos, como mínimo

imperfect, nothing to trigger subjunctive, so había tomado

Question 27

the diagnosis

Answer 27

el diagnóstico

la diagnosis

Question 28

I am not always right, it is just that I always correct you when you make an error.

Answer 28

No siempre tengo razón, es sólo que siempre te corrijo cuando cometes un error. habitual, so doesn´t take subjunctive after cuando

Question 29

maybe, perhaps, might (not tal vez ni quizás)

Answer 29

a lo mejor AND DOES NOT TRIGGER SUBJUNCTIVE, ALWAYS USES INDICATIVE
A lo mejor me voy but Tal vez me vaya.
A lo mejor hablaré español correctamente algún día.
Tal vez hable español correctamente algún día.
if español is the subject, you need a def article
El español es una lengua bonita. otherwise no def article

Question 30

the population

Answer 30

la población

Question 31

There was a discount only for today.

Answer 31

Había un descuento solo por hoy. If it is still going on then it is había and this is for other verbs of duration like tener, sentir but not verbs like comer, hablar, caer, etc.
por is duration

Question 32

There is a prevalence of obesity in the US.

Answer 32

Hay una prevalencia de obesidad en los EEUU.

Question 33

There are some apples in the basket.

guideline for use of alguno-uno

Answer 33

Hay algunas/unas manzanas en la canasta.

Generally safer to use algunas except in cases of approximation when must use unos.
Ella tiene unos 40 años. She is about 40 yrs old/She is in her 40´s.

Question 34

¿Qué deberíamos hacer?
¡¡Qué debemos hacer?
Debe de ser mediodía porque la gente va a comer.

Answer 34

What should we do? possibility, suggestion
What must we do? Obligation.
It must be noon because people are going to eat. ho
deber de plus infinitive - strong possibility, assumption, something must be
Ella debe de tener 60 años. (She must be 60).

Question 35

Even though I know they are related to him.

Answer 35

Aunque sé que están relacionados con él.

Question 36

the flu

the cold

Answer 36

el gripe  (think of all the griping about the flu and COVID)
el resfriado - think of frio, cold

Question 37

I was telling them what we were seeing.

Answer 37

Yo les iba contando lo que íbamos viendo.
Les estaba diciendo lo que estábamos viendo.
(I was telling to them. what)
Estaba diciéndoles lo que estábamos viendo.

Question 38

One doesn´t think about this until one realizes what they are talking about (Latin X).

Answer 38

Uno no piensa en esto hasta que se da cuenta de lo que están hablando (Latín X).

dar cuenta DE

Question 39

I can´t find my purse. I must have (suppose I) left it at home.

Answer 39

No puedo encontrar mi bolsa. Me la habré dejado en casa. future perfect tense for supposition about recent past (future of haber=habré perfect= dejado)
dejarse

Question 40

if you are not sure, should you use the definite article or not. translate and answer the q.

Answer 40

Si no estás seguro, deberías usar el artículo definitivo o no? Deberías.
If you are not sure, then USE the def article. More often than not, you will be correct.

Question 41

If the government had had better measures, it would have implemented them.
It would have implemented the measures.

Answer 41

Si el gobierno hubiera tenido mejores medidas, las habría implementado.
government would so is singular
haber plus past participle is always singular habría implementado (I don´t think I understood this correctly, you can have habrían implementado?
Habrían implementado las medidas.

if/would
if - imp subj (hubiera) or pluscuamperfecto subj (hubiera)
would - simple conditional or conditional perfect (habría past participle)

Question 42

it´s just that

Answer 42

es sólo que

solo que es un verbal locution, do not say solo de que

Question 43

My answer to your question is…

Answer 43

Mi respuesta a tu pregunta es…

always respuesta a, not respuesta de tu pregunta

Question 44

when to use quedarse por and quedarse para

Answer 44

usually it is quedarse por, when you are focusing on what has not been finished (the process left to do), focus is not on the end - lo que nos queda por aprender BUT
if you are focusing on the very END/finalidad, then para - nos quedan 5 páginas para termina los ejercicios

para is finalidad

Question 45

We were always fighting.
We always fought.
We always fight.

Answer 45

Siempre estábamos peleando.
Siempre peleábamos.
Siempre peleamos.

siempre is repetitive and is indicative
you can say siempre nos peleábamos for emphasis but not really need to if who is fighting has already been indicated)

Question 46

There is a lot of prejudice against Hispanics here in Idaho and this causes a lot of harm.

Answer 46

Hay muchos prejuicios contra los hispanos aquí en Idaho y esto causa mucho perjuicio.

Question 47

to be amazed/to be astonished/to be surprised

to amaze/to astonish

Answer 47

asombrarse - pronominal verb, conjugated like gustar
asombrar - transitive verb

think AHH SOO ‘ wow, amazed

asomar = to stick-out

Question 48

Again I don´t have any idea.

Again I didn´t have any idea.

Answer 48

De nuevo no tengo ni idea.
De nuevo no tenía ninguna idea (o no tenía ni idea).
Pepe says use de nuevo o una vez más here and not otra vez.

Question 49

The majority of the surveyees say that Spain should put more regulations.

Answer 49

La mayoría de los encuestados dice que España tiene que (debería) poner más regulaciones.

encuestadores = interviewers (think the interviewers open the DOOR to the others)

Question 50

you are right

Answer 50

estás en lo correcto

tienes rázon

Question 51

while the train was leaving

Answer 51

mientras el tren se iba
mientras el tren estaba saliendo
mientras - while, as long as, simultaneous
mientras que - in contrast, on the other hand, whereas - think w/que contrast/comparison
quiero ir al parque mientras que ellos quieren ir al cine “I want to go to the park while they want to go to the movies”

Question 52

If anyone did anything wrong-bad to any of us, we stayed together.

Answer 52

Si alguien hacía algo malo a cualquiera de nosotros, nosotros quedábamos juntos.

cualquiera - subject or after or noun (or w-de), cualquiera longer, cualquiera persona, cualquiera de nosotros
cualquier - before a noun, cualquier persona puede. (short, cualquier casa)
malo - adj
mal - adv

Question 53

one million
thirty-three million
one thousand
two thousand three hundred
the year 2020

Answer 53

un millón
treinta y tres millones 
mil 
dos mil trescientos
el año dos mil veinte

numbers change to 2 words at 30
dieciocho, veintinueve, treinta,
treinta y uno

Question 54

conjugation of two ways of meaning I am happy that … you are here.

Answer 54

*MAQS gustar conj, subj
    Me alegra que estés aquí.  
*MADQS reg conj, sub
    Me alegro de que estés aquí.
*MADII reg conj, indic
    Me alegro de + inf indic 
    Me alegro de saber de ti.

Question 55

My parents lived in Nebraska before I was born.

Answer 55

Mis padres vivieron en Nebraska antes de que yo naciera.

always preterite after antes de que and antes de with a QUE here because change of subject, if no change of subj no que and use infinitive also with DAHN después de, antes de, hasta, y no más)
nazco is present tense! nazco, naces, nace, nacemos, nacen
cer verb if vowel before c, (nacer, the vowel before is a) add z = nazc o

Question 56

the vaccination

Answer 56

la vacuna