Penicillins & Cephalosporins & Carbapenems Clinical Flashcards
What pencillins and cephalosporins are not renally eliminated?
nafcillin, oxacillin, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone
What penicillin/cephalosporin does not exhibit cross-allergenicity?
aztreonam
What are considered above the diaphragm anaerobes?
peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, clostridium, fusobacteria, prevotella
What are considered below the diaphragm anaerobes?
bacteroides, bacteroides fragillis
what are the natural penicillins?
Penicillin G, Penicillin VK
what are the penicillinase resistant penicillins (antistaphylococcal penicillins)?
nafcillin, methicillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
What are the aminopenicillins?
amoxicillin, ampicillin
What are the carboxypenicillins?
ticarcillin
What does SHEPMEPP stand for?
Salmonella, Shigella
H. Influenzae
E. Coli
Proteus
Morganella
Enterobacter
Providencia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What are the Urediopenicillins?
Piperacillin
What are the B-lactamase inhibitors?
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (augmentin)
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam (Unasyn)
Piperacillin / Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Ticarcillin / Clavulanic acid (Timentin)
Can penicillins penetrate the CNS?
Yes
only if inflamed meninges and max/high doses are used
What penicillins have a sodium load?
aqueous sodium penicillin G - 2.0 mEq
Nafcillin 2.9 mEq
Ticarcillin 5.2 mEq
Piperacillin 1.85 mEq
What are notable adverse effects of the penicillin class?
possible seizures
leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
interstitial nephritis, phlebitis - nafcillin
What are the first generation cephalosporins?
cefazolin, cephalexin
What are the 2nd generation cephalosporins?
cefuroxime, cefprozil - gram +
cefoxitin, cefotetan -anaerobes
what 3rd generation cephalosporins cover against PRSP?
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
What 3rd generation cephalosporins cover against pseudomonas aeruginosa?
ceftazidime, cefoperazone
What are the Anti-MRSA cephalosporins?
ceftaroline
What generations of cephalosporins can penetrate the CSF?
3rd and 4th generation + cefuroxime (2nd generation)
What cephalosporins are not renally eliminated?
ceftriaxone, cefoperazone
What are the cephalosporins that have a 5-NMTT side chain?
cefamandole, cefotetan, cefmetazole, cefoperazone, moxalactam
What cephalosporin can cause biliary sludging and is avoided in pediatric patients?
ceftriaxone
What carbapenems can penetrate the CSF?
meropenem > ertapenem > imipenem
What has to be given with imipenem?
cilastatin
-to prevent nephrotoxicity
What carbapenem does not have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Ertapenem
What B-lactams cover pseudomonas aeruginosa?
ceftazidine, cefoperazone (3rd gen)
cefepime, cifedericol
ticaricillin, piperacillin, Zosyn, Timentin
Carbapenems (not ertapenem), Aztreonam
What B-lactams cover PRSP?
Ceftriaxone (3rd), cefotaxime (3rd), Cefepime, ceftaroline
What B-lactams cover BDA?
B-lactamase Inhibitor combos, Piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefotetan, carbapenems
